8周吸气肌抗阻训练提高青年男性有氧运动能力的可行性研究

The Feasibility Research of 8-Week Inspiratory Muscle Resistance Training to Improve Young Males’Aerobic Capacity

目的:探讨不同强度吸气肌抗阻训练(IMRT)对青年男性有氧运动能力及肺功能的影响。方法:24名无训练经历的青年男性被随机分为阈值强度训练组(TG组,n=13)和对照组(CG组,n=11)。TG组以50%最大吸气压力(MIP)进行训练,每组30次,共完成2组;CG组以15%MIP进行训练,每组60次,共完成1组。两组均进行8周IMRT训练,每周训练3次,于干预前后进行递增负荷测试、肺功能测试和吸气肌力量测试。结果:(1)8周干预后,TG组的通气阈(VT)、通气阈占最大摄氧量的百分比(VT/VO_(2max))、达到通气阈时的速度(vVT),通气阈出现时间和递增负荷运动持续时间均显著高于干预前(P<0.05),CG组各指标无显著变化,且干预后TG组的vVT(P<0.01)和通气阈出现时间(P<0.05)显著高于CG组;(2)8周干预后,TG组的第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)和1秒率(FEV1/FVC)(P<0.01)与CG组的FEV1和FEV1/FVC(P<0.05)较干预前均有显著提高,且干预后TG组FEV1/FVC显著高于CG组(P<0.01);3)8周干预后,TG组和CG组的MIP均有显著提高(P<0.01),且在第4、6、8周干预后TG组的MIP显著高于CG组(P<0.05)。结论:吸气肌训练有助于提高人体的心肺联合机能;不同强度的吸气肌训练均能提高青年男性的肺功能及吸气肌力量,高强度(阈值强度)吸气肌训练的效果更为显著。

Objective To explore the effect of inspiratory muscle resistance training(IMRT)of different intensity on the aerobic capacity and pulmonary function of young males.Methods Twenty-four healthy untrained young males were randomly assigned to a threshold intensity training group(TG,n=13)and a control group(CG,n=11).The TG group performed 30 dynamic inspiratory efforts twice a day at a pressure-threshold load of 50%maximal inspiratory pressure(MIP),while the CG group performed 60 dynamic inspiratory efforts once a day at a pressure-threshold load of 15%MIP.Both groups undertook IMRT training 3 times a week for 8 weeks.The incremental load test,lung function test and inspiratory muscle strength test were performed before and after the intervention.Results(1)After 8-week intervention,the ventilatory threshold(VT),the ratio of ventilatory threshold to maximum oxygen uptake(VT/VO_(2max)),the velocity at ventilatory threshold(v VT),the time to ventilatory threshold and incremental load exercise duration of the TG group increased significantly compared to those before the intervention(P<0.05),while no significant changes were found in all indexes of the CG group.The average vVT(P<0.01)and the time to ventilatory threshold(P<0.05)of the TG group were significantly higher than those of the CG group after the intervention.(2)The forced expired volume in the first second(FEV1)and FEV1/forced vital capacity(FVC)of the TG group(P<0.01)and the CG group(P<0.05)increased significantly after the intervention,while the average FEV1/FVC of the TG group was significantly higher than the CG group(P<0.01).(3)After 8-week intervention,the average MIP of the TG and CG groups increased significantly(P<0.01),with that of the TG group significantly higher than the CG group after 4-,6-and 8-week intervention(P<0.05).Conclusion The inspiratory muscle training induces positive changes to people’s cardiopulmonary function.Although the inspiratory muscle training of different intensities can improve the pulmonary function and inspiratory muscle strength of young males,that of the high intensity has more significant effect.