智能制造对出口的影响——基于工业机器人的经验证据

The Effect of Intelligent Manufacturing on Export:Evidence From Industrial Robots

当前新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速重构全球分工和竞争格局,智能制造作为新一代信息技术与制造技术深度融合的产物,是各国寻求出口增长新动能的重要选择之一。文章将智能制造视作一种技术拓展了引力模型,利用国际机器人联合会1993~2015年71个国家安装工业机器人的数据探究智能制造对出口的影响及其机制。研究发现智能制造能够显著提高出口水平,但是在不同国家、不同机器人功能和不同产品上智能制造对出口具有异质性影响。机制检验表明,智能制造通过提高劳动生产率和产品质量促进出口。文章认为一国应当利用智能制造培育出口竞争力,但是需要关注智能制造对出口的差异化影响,制定适应本国的智能制造战略。

The new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial reform accelerates the reconstruction of global division of labor and competition pattern. As the product of the in-depth integration of the new generation of information technology and manufacturing technology, intelligent manufacturing(IM) is one of the important choices for the countries to seek new drivers of export growth. Based on the extended gravity model, this paper uses the data of the International Federation of Robotics(IFR) on industrial robots installed in 71 countries from 1993 to 2015 to explore the effect of IM on export and its mechanism. The research shows that IM can significantly improve the level of export, but it exerts heterogeneous effects on exports of different countries, the robots with different functions and different products. The mechanism test reveals that IM promotes export by improving labor productivity and product quality. This paper holds that a country should use IM to cultivate export competitiveness, but it needs to pay attention to the differential effects of IM on export and formulate IM strategies tailored to its own needs.