不同基质对马银花、毛棉杜鹃扦插生根的影响

Effects of different media on cutting rooting of Rhododendron ovatum and Rh.moulmainense

为研究马银花亚属杜鹃扦插生根的最佳基质,以马银花和毛棉杜鹃当年生半木质化枝条为材料,在全光照间歇喷雾的条件下,采用9种配比基质进行扦插生根试验,对愈伤率、生根率、腐烂率、不定根总数、最长不定根长等5项生根指标进行分析。扦插60 d的结果表明:基质对所有生根指标均有极显著影响;物种对愈伤率、不定根数和最长不定根长有极显著影响,对生根率有显著影响,对腐烂率无显著影响;基质与物种的交互效应只对不定根数和最长不定根长有显著影响;两个物种的生根能力存在差异,毛棉杜鹃的生根能力强于马银花。通过各指标的隶属函数法进行综合评价表明:泥炭土+珍珠岩+鹿沼土(1∶1∶1)为马银花最佳生根的基质,其生根率(43.75%)、腐烂率(12.55%)及不定根数(40.26条)在所有基质中最高,最长不定根长(1.17 cm)居第二,仅愈伤率表现一般;泥炭土+珍珠岩(1∶1)为毛棉杜鹃最佳生根的基质,其愈伤率(48.96%)在所有基质中最高,生根率(52.08%)及腐烂率(19.95%)在所有基质中均居第二,不定根数(35.97条)和最长不定根长(1.27 cm)均居第三。

The annual lignified branches of Rhododendron ovatum and Rh.moulmainense were used as materials to study the optimal substrate for cutting rooting.The cutting rooting experiment was carried out by adopting 9 kinds of substrates under full light and intermittent spaying to further analyze five indexes,including the callus rate,the rooting rate,the rot rate,the total number of adventitious roots and the longest adventitious root length.The results of cutting for 60 days indicated that substrates had significant effects on all rooting indexes;species had significant effects on the callus rate,the total number of adventitious roots and the longest adventitious root length,had obvious effects on the rooting rate,and had no obvious effects on the rot rate;the interaction between substrates and species only had obvious effects on the number of adventitious roots and the longest adventitious root length;there existed great differences in the rooting capability.The rooting capability of Rh.moulmainense was stronger than that of Rh.ovatum.The comprehensive evaluation based on the membership function method of various indexes indicated that peat soil+perlite+Kanuma mud(1∶1∶1)was the optimal rooting substrate for Rh.ovatum,which had the highest rooting rate(43.75%),the highest rot rate(12.55%)and the highest number of adventitious roots(40.26 pcs).The longest adventitious root length(1.17 cm)ranked second,but the callus rate was average;the peat soil and perlite(1∶1)were the optimal rooting substrate for Rh.moulmainense,which had the highest callus rate(48.96%)(this was the highest percentage in all substrates).The rooting rate(52.08%)and the rot rate(19.95%)ranked top 2 among all substrates.And the number of adventitious roots(35.97 pcs)and the longest adventitious root length(1.27 cm)ranked third accordingly.