晚清洋务派企业家的社会责任——以郑观应为例

The Social Responsibility of the Westernization Entrepreneurs in Late Qing Dynasty—Take Zheng Guanying as an Example

清政府在第二次鸦片战争中惨败,以及被迫签订了一系列更加丧权辱国不平等条约后,开始了一场以学习西方先进科学技术为手段,以“自强”“求富”“制内”“御侮”为主旨的洋务运动。洋务运动的兴起,催生了大量的新式企业、新式学堂,为近代中国产业体系、科学体系、教育体系等方面的转型发展,为中国走向近代化打下了很好的基础,作出了重要的贡献。在此过程中,相当数量的洋务企业家、实业家在晚清商业领域甚至政治舞台上崭露头角。他们勇于担当,克服万难,参与兴办了大量的军用和民用工业,让中国实现了近代工业从无到有并落地生根的壮举。在这个艰难的过程中,以郑观应为代表的为数众多的洋务派企业家以实业报国的具体行动展现了这一代人的家国情怀和责任担当。

After the disastrous defeat of the Second Opium War and forced to sign a series of more humiliating unequal treaties,the Qing government began a westernization movement by learning western advanced science and technology,aiming at“self-improvement”,“wealth seeking”,“internal control”and“aggression resistance”.The rise of the westernization movement gave birth to a large number of modern enterprises and schools,which laid a good foundation for and made important contribution to the transformation and development of modern China s industrial,scientific and educational system,as well as to China s modernization.In this process,a considerable number of westernization entrepreneurs and industrialists emerged in the commercial and even the political stage of late Qing Dynasty.They took responsibilities,overcame difficulties,and participated in the establishment of a large number of military and civilian industries,which achieved actual development of China s modern industry out of nothing.In these arduous years,plenty of westernization entrepreneurs,represented by Zheng Guanying,showed strong emotion and responsibility to the motherland by serving the country with industry development.