城市制造业出口升级加剧了技能溢价吗?——来自中国劳动力动态调查数据的微观证据

How Urban Manufacturing Export Upgrade Affects Skill Premiums?——Micro-evidence from China Labor-force Dynamic Survey Data

本文在构建地区制造业出口升级指标的基础上,利用2012—2016年连续三期中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)数据就出口升级对技能溢价的影响和作用机制进行检验,为中国不断扩大的技能工资差距提供新解释。结果表明:第一,出口升级显著扩大技能溢价,且使用工具变量解决内生性问题及利用多种方法进行稳健性检验后,该结论依然成立;第二,出口升级更容易扩大女性、东部地区和非国有企业劳动力的技能溢价;第三,产业结构升级、创新、产品价格、企业利润提升和绩效工资五个方面是出口升级影响技能溢价的重要机制。研究结论为实现对外贸易高质量发展和更公平的收入分配格局提供了路径选择和政策启示。

Based on the construction of regional manufacturing export upgrade indicators,this paper uses the China Labor-force Dynamic Survey(CLDS)data from 2012 to 2016 to examine the impact and mechanism of export upgrade on skill premiums,in order to provide a new explanation for China’s expanding the skill wage gap.The results are shown as follows.Firstly,export upgrade significantly expands skill premiums,which is still valid after using instrumental variables to solve endogenous problems and using various methods to test robustness.Secondly,export upgrade is more likely to expand skill premiums among females,eastern regions and non-state-owned enterprise labor.Thirdly,the industrial structure upgrade,innovation,product prices,enterprise profit promotion and performance wages are five important mechanisms for export upgrade to affect skill premiums.The conclusions may provide path selection and policy enlightenment for the realization of high-quality development of foreign trade and a more equitable income distribution pattern.