江苏省儿童生长发育状况及其影响因素——基于0~6岁儿童家庭的横断面研究

Growth and development of children and related influencing factors:a cross-sectional study of the families with children aged 0-6 years in Jiangsu Province

目的探讨江苏省0~6岁儿童的生长发育状况及家庭因素对儿童生长发育的影响。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,抽取江苏省2004个0~6岁儿童家庭,对儿童的主要照护人进行营养知、信、行问卷调查,采用儿童体格指标Z评分方法评价儿童营养状况,并通过有序多分类logistic回归模型分析儿童营养状况的影响因素。结果发放问卷2290份,收回有效问卷2004份,问卷回收率为87.51%。儿童平均年龄为(28±14)个月;男孩1105例(55.14%),女孩899例(44.86%)。照护人看护主要以父母看护为主(1867例,93.16%),1466例(73.15%)照护人的受教育水平为大学/大专学历,家庭年收入集中在5~<10万元/年和10~<20万元/年,分别占32.88%和34.23%。Z评分结果显示,男孩和女孩生长迟缓率分别为1.45%(16/1105)和1.78%(16/899),体重过轻率分别为0.54%(6/1105)和0.67%(6/899),消瘦率分别为1.36(15/1105)和2.00%(18/899),肥胖率分别为8.78%(97/1105)和10.12%(91/899)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,家庭年收入较高和照护人营养知识水平较高有利于儿童生长发育(P<0.05)。结论江苏省0~6岁儿童的生长发育总体较好,但肥胖率相对较高,要重视对儿童肥胖的监测。家庭经济状况和和照护人营养知识水平对儿童生长发育有显著影响。

Objective To investigate the growth and development of children aged 0-6 years in Jiangsu Province of China and the effects of family factors on the children’s growth and development.Methods The stratified random sampling method was used to select 2004 families with children aged 0-6 years of Jiangsu Province.A questionnaire survey on nutritional knowledge,attitude,and behavior was performed for the main caregivers.The Z-score method was used to evaluate nutritional status.The ordinal polytomous logistic regression analysis model was used to investigate the influencing factors for nutritional status.Results A total of 2290 questionnaires were distributed,among which 2004 valid questionnaires were collected(87.51%).The mean age of the children was(28±14)months,and there were 1105 boys(55.14%)and 899 girls(44.86%).The primary caregivers were mostly parents(1867 families,93.16%),and the caregivers of 1466 families(73.15%)had a university/college degree.Most families had an annual income of 50000-100000 yuan/year or 100000-200000 yuan/year,accounting for 32.88%and 34.23%,respectively.The results of Zscore showed the growth retardation rates of 1.45%(16/1105)in boys and 1.78%(16/899)in girls,the underweight rates of 0.54%(6/1105)in boys and 0.67%(6/899)in girls,the emaciation rates of 1.36%(15/1105)in boys and 2.00%(18/899)in girls,and the obesity rates of 8.78%(97/1105)in boys and 10.12%(91/899)in girls,respectively.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a higher annual family income and a higher nutrition knowledge level of caregiver were beneficial to the growth and development of children(P<0.05).Conclusions Children aged 0-6 years in Jiangsu Province have a good status of growth and development but a relatively high obesity rate,and therefore,the monitoring of obesity should be taken seriously.Family economic status and the level of nutritional knowledge of caregivers have a significant impact on children s growth and development.