巴黎和会上的美国对华立场:山东问题解决的理想与现实冲突

The US’s Position on China at the Paris Peace Conference:the Conflict between Ideal and Reality on the Shandong Issue

文章主要讨论巴黎和会期间美国与中国的互动及美国对中国收回山东主权诉求的态度。在巴黎和会上,中国代表团尽了最大的努力,但没有达到预想的目标,这也不是美国所期望的结果,而是当时协约国中各强国的权力博弈所决定的。美国是当时支持中国的唯一大国,但并不能主宰巴黎和会的一切决定,还必须依靠英、法两国,而对于山东问题,英、法站在日本一边。文章指出,无论美国最终是坚持还是放弃支持中国收回山东主权的诉求,中国直接收回山东的可能性几乎不存在。长期以来,五四时期的中国人及后来的研究者都认为巴黎和会是以中国的失败告终。但是,回顾这段历史,根据对已有历史资料的分析,美国对日本施加了非常大的压力,让其保证在规定的时间之内将山东主权归还中国。因此,不能说中国在巴黎和会上是完全失败的。在巴黎和会和五四运动百年以后,历史的结论是,中国只能自己救自己,哪怕有强国愿意助中国一臂之力,也没有办法超越当时国际政治舞台上的既定格局,以及中国无力解决自身问题的严酷现实。

This paper discusses the interaction between the United States and China during the Paris Peace Conference and the former’s attitude towards China’s request for the restoration of Shandong’s sovereignty,for which the Chinese delegation then did its utmost,but failed at last.This was not a result the United States expected,as the only major country supporting China then,rather it was determined by the power struggles among the Allied Powers,with Britain and France on the side of Japan.This study reveals that with or without the United States’ support for China’s claim,it was almost impossible for China to directly regain the Shandong Peninsula.For a long time,the Chinese during the May Fourth Movement and later researchers believed that the Paris Peace Conference ended with China’s failure.Looking back at the history of that period,analysis of existing historical data shows that the United States exerted heavy pressure on Japan’s returning the sovereignty of Shandong to China within the given time,which partially means that China didn’t fail completely at the Conference.Hundred of years after the Paris Peace Conference and the May Fourth Movement,history has concluded that only China could save itself.There was no way for China to go beyond the established pattern on the international political stage at that time and the harsh reality of China’s inability to solve its own problems.