当前居家社区养老服务体系存在的短板与创新——兼论“社区+物业+养老服务”模式推广问题

Current Deficiencies and New Innovations of the Home-Community Elderly Care System:Discussing on the Participation Possibility of Property Management Corporations in the System

居家社区养老服务是我国社会养老服务体系的主体内容,但目前存在着供给能力不足、供给水平不高、供给效率低和供需匹配性不强等短板。健全居家社区养老服务体系和提升服务供给能力,需要有效组织社会资源加入和充分利用市场准市场机制。物业企业开展居家社区养老服务即“物业+养老”,是近年来这方面创新探索的重要成果,在满足多样化多层次老年人养老服务需求和提高供需匹配精准性、增加养老服务体系可持续性发展方面,具有很大潜力,受到政府认可和积极推动。本文论证了“物业+养老”模式的必要性、可行性和可推广性,同时基于试点项目的调研,指出妨碍其推广的主要阻碍,并提供了化解阻碍的对策建议。本文强调,“物业+养老”推广的最大难点是处理社区公共资源分配的矛盾冲突,必须有社区组织尤其社区党组织的介入与引领;同时,“物业+养老”的深入应与物业企业有效融入社区治理的实践有机结合。为此,需要升级为“社区+物业+养老服务”,在社区组织引领下进一步探索。

Home-community elderly service system is the main body of China's elderly care system,but there are several major deficiencies in the supply capacity,efficiency and demand-supply matching accuracy in the system.To improve the home-community elderly care system and enhance the service supply capacity,it is necessary to inject more social resources and make more use of the market mechanism in the system.Property management corporations providing home-community elderly care services(PMES),is an important innovation of elderly care system in recent years.It has great potential to meet the demand for diversified elderly care services,improve the supply-demand matching accuracy and increase the sustainability of the elderly care system,and thus has been endorsed and promoted by the government.This paper demonstrates the necessity,feasibility,and wide applicability of PMES,points out the main obstacles to its promotion based on the experiences of the pilot,and also provides suggestions to overcome these obstacles.This paper emphasizes that the major challenge in the promotion of PMES is to deal with the conflicts in the allocation of public resources in the community,which requires the intervention and leadership of community organizations.Thus,further implementation of PMES should be based on the deeper integration of property management into community governance.It implies that,PMES needs to be extended to C+PMES,that is PMS under the leadership of community organization.