岗梅药材重金属生物可给性及其人体健康风险评价

Bioavailability Determination and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Ilex asprella Medicinal Materials

研究10个不同批次及产地的岗梅药材中重金属铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)和铜(Cu)的含量、生物可给性及转移率,并应用靶标系数危害法(THQ)评估5种重金属的健康风险。样品经湿法消解后,用原子荧光光度法和原子吸收分光光度法进行检测。岗梅药材中存在镉和铅超标现象,超标率镉为80%、铅为100%;汞、砷和铜均未超标;岗梅药材水煎液5种重金属含量均未超过标准,5种重金属很少溶于水煎液;10批次岗梅药材重金属生物可给性均<100%,均未完全溶出,安全风险较低;10批次岗梅药材及水煎液重金属(铜、砷、铅、汞和镉)THQ(成人、儿童)值均<1。岗梅重金属对人体健康造成的影响不明显。通过岗梅重金属生物可给性与风险评估模型,评估了岗梅药材及其煎煮液重金属安全风险,发现实验所用岗梅样品重金属均处于安全范围内。如此可见,中药材重金属超标问题不能一刀切,应考虑每个中药材的特点来制定相应合理的重金属限量标准。

The content,bioavailability and transfer rate of five metals(Pb,Cd,Hg,As and Cu)in the ten different batches and origins of Ilex asprella medicinal materials were determined.The health risks of five heavy metals in medicinal materials were assessed by target hazard quotients(THQ)method.After wet digestion,the samples were detected by atomic fluorescence spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry.The result showed that Cd and Pb contents in 80%and 100%of samples exceeded the standard limit,but the contents of Hg,As and Cu did not exceed.The content of five heavy metals in the decoction of all samples did not exceed the limit standard.The results showed that the heavy metals in the medicinal materials had not been transferred to the decoction.The bioavailability of 10 batches of Ilex asprella medicinal materials were less than 100%.It is indicated that heavy metals were not completely dissolved,and their safety risk of heavy metals was very low.Finally,the all THQ values(adults and children)of 10 batches of Ilex asprella medicinal materials and decoction were less than 1.Thus the effect of heavy metals on human health was not obvious.Through the bioavailability determination and risk assessment model of heavy metals,the safety risk of heavy metals in Ilex asprella medicinal materials and their decoction were e-valuated.The results showed that heavy metal contents of all samples were in the safe range.In a word,the characteristics of each traditional Chinese medicine should be considered to formulate corresponding reasonable heavy metal limit standards,because the same heavy metal limit standard was not applicable to all Chinese medicinal materials.