仿生变曲率深松铲柄减阻设计与试验

Design and experiment of bionic subsoiler with variable variable curvature share shaft drag reduction

以田鼠爪趾触土曲面轮廓线为仿生原型曲线,设计和制作了深松铲柄触土曲面的变曲率减阻结构。通过与机标圆弧深松铲柄田间牵引性能对比试验,研究了这种仿生变曲率深松铲柄的减阻规律。在给定土壤条件、350 mm耕深和4~8 km/h的测试速度范围内,随着速度增加仿生铲柄工作阻力比圆弧铲柄相对降低1.90%~23.82%。工作速度和铲柄类型对工作阻力均有显著影响,且程度比较接近,两者的交互作用是相对次要因素。对深松铲柄触土曲面进行仿生变曲率减阻结构设计可使机具在较宽工作速度范围内均具有较低工作阻力,实现了高速作业下的深松减阻目标。对于圆弧铲柄则推荐4~5 km/h较低的工作速度范围,以保持较低的工作阻力。

An increase of tillage depth leads to the problems of high working resistance and energy consumption in subsoiling operation. In order to reduce the working resistance and improve the working efficiency of subsoiling operation,the variable curvature geometry structure of subsoiling share shaft soilengaging surface was designed and made by using the contour of vole clawed toe as the bionic prototype curve. The resistance reduction law of this kind of bionic share shaft with variable curvature was studied by comparing the field traction performance with that of mechanical standard circular share shaft. Under given soil conditions,350 mm tillage depth and test speed range of 4~8 km/h,the working resistance of the bionic share shaft decreases by 1.90%~23.82% compared with the circular share shaft with the increase of speed. The range analysis and variance analysis of the test data show that both the working speed and the type of share shaft have significant effects on the working resistance,and the interaction between them is a relatively minor factor. The design of bionic variable curvature structure on the soil-engaging surface of subsoiling share shaft can make the machine have lower working resistance in a wide range of working speed and achieve the goal of subsoiling resistance reduction at high speed. For the circular share shaft,a lower working speed range of 4~5 km/h is recommended to maintain a lower working resistance. The research work has important scientific theoretical guidance and practical significance for the resistance reduction design and technical popularization of bionic subsoiler.