三次分配促进共同富裕的重要作用与实践进路

The Important Role and Practical Approach of the Third Distribution in Promote Common Prosperity

三次分配是在自愿原则基础上,由高收入群体、企业和普通人群等,通过民间捐赠、慈善事业、志愿行动等方式,参与济困扶弱、民生事业、公共福利、教育医疗、科学研究、技术创新等的社会行为。它是继初次分配和再分配之后重要的分配形式,在收入分配体系中处于补充性地位,是促进共同富裕的重要手段。改革开放以来,在社会慈善、捐赠和公益等为主要内容的三次分配领域,已经形成了中国特色的实践经验。立足新发展阶段,可从定义体系、制度设计、产权保护和政府定位等路径建立健全三次分配体制机制,进而推动完善收入分配基础性制度和更好促进共同富裕。

The third distribution refers to the social behavior of high-income groups, enterprises and ordinary people to participate in helping the poor and the weak, people’s livelihood, public welfare, education and medical care, scientific research, technological innovation and so on through non-governmental donation, charity and voluntary action on the basis of voluntary principle. It is an important form of distribution after primary distribution and redistribution. It plays a supplementary role in the income distribution system and is an important means to promote common prosperity. Since the reform and opening up, practical experience with Chinese characteristics has been formed in the field of social charity, donation and public welfare. Based on the new stage of development, we can establish and improve the third distribution system and mechanism by defining the system, designing the system, protecting property rights and positioning the government, so as to improve the basic system of income distribution and promote common prosperity.