农业种植收入保险发展模式优化及政策创设

Optimization of Development Model and Policy Creation of Income Insurance in Agricultural Planting Industry

2015年我国开始农业种植收入保险试点工作,实践中逐步探索形成区域监测定价模式和保险期货对接模式。两种模式在保险品种选择、保费构成、赔付机制等方面各有特色,对脱贫攻坚、巩固脱贫成果、防范农业风险等产生积极影响。未来,农业种植收入保险会以何种具体模式落地?具体政策走向如何?引发业内持续关注和思考。聚焦农业种植收入保险实施的核心环节“赔付机制”,并结合国内外典型做法,对我国农业种植收入保险的两种实践模式、运行机理进行对比分析,发现预期收入作为区域监测定价模式中赔付机制的核心要素,重点参考的是区域性市场价格,该模式做法简单易行,但易出现预期收入锁定不精准的问题;三大期货交易所牵头实施的保险期货对接模式,其目标收入以农产品期货市场产生的市场化价格为参考,市场化价格代表性强,但上市农产品期货品种有限成为该模式持续发展的难点。基于对现有两种模式关系的分析判断,提出构建中国特色农业种植收入保险过渡模式的建议和相应的政策建议。

In 2015,China started the pilot work of agricultural planting income insurance,and gradually explored the formation of“regional monitoring pricing”mode and“insurance futures docking”mode in practice.The two models have their own characteristics in terms of insurance variety selection,premium composition,and compensation mechanism,which have a positive impact on consolidating poverty alleviation achievements and preventing agricultural risks.What specific mode will agricultural income insurance be implemented in the future?What is the direction of specific policies?Cause the industry to continue to pay attention and development thinking.This paper focuses on the“compensation mechanism”,the core link of the implementation of agricultural planting income insurance and compares and analyzes the two practical models and operating mechanisms of Chinas agricultural planting income insurance based on typical domestic and foreign practices.It is found that expected income is the core element of the compensation mechanism in the regional monitoring and pricing model,and the key reference is the regional market price.This model is simple and easy to implement,but it is prone to the problem of inaccurate locking of expected income.The insurance futures docking model led by the three major futures exchanges,the target income is based on the market-based prices generated by the agricultural product futures market,and the market-based prices are highly representative,but the limited varieties of listed agricultural product futures have become a difficulty for the sustainable development of this model.Based on the analysis and judgment of the relationship between the two existing models,suggestions on constructing a transitional model of agricultural income insurance with Chinese characteristics and corresponding policy suggestions are put forward.