晚发支气管哮喘与慢性阻塞性肺疾病肺功能检测分析

Analysis of Lung Function Test in Late-Onset Bronchial Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

目的 分析晚发支气管哮喘与慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的肺功能检测结果 。方法 随机选择2019年1月—2021年9月该院收治的30例晚发支气管哮喘患者(哮喘组)与30例慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者(慢阻肺组)作为研究对象,观察比较不同疾病患者的肺功能指标[1 s用力呼气容积(FEV1)、最大呼气中段流量(MMEF)、肺总量(TLC)、残气量(RV)、残气容积/肺总量(RV/TLC)]检测结果、肺气肿发生情况。结果 哮喘组患者有33.33%(10/30)为肺气肿,低于慢阻肺组的60%(18/30),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.286,P<0.05)。慢阻肺组FVC改善率(16.45±16.60)%高于哮喘组(8.72±5.34)%,差异有统计学意义(t=2.428,P<0.05);FEV1改善率(5.67±13.26)%、FEV1(56.79±6.04)%、MMEF(60.28±5.17)%低于哮喘组(16.89±4.51)%、(78.90±4.82)%、(68.95±7.91)%,差异有统计学意义(t=4.388、15.672、5.025,P<0.05);TLC、RV、RV/TLC分别是(4.28±1.35)L、(2.38±0.96)L、(146.02±20.86)%,高于哮喘组(3.79±1.48)L、(2.09±1.14)L、(137.98±19.65)%,差异无统计学意义(t=1.340、1.066、1.537,P>0.05)。慢阻肺组气道可逆性阳性率30.00%低于哮喘组90.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=22.500,P<0.05)。结论通过检测肺功能,能对晚发支气管哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病进行鉴别诊断,具有较高的准确性,能为后期治疗提供指导,值得推广。

Objective To analyze the pulmonary function test results of patients with late-onset bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods 30 patients with late-onset bronchial asthma (asthma group) and 30 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD group) who were admitted to the hospital during the period from January 2019 to September 2021 were randomly selected as the research objects, and the pulmonary function index [1 second (FEV1), maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), total lung capacity (TLC), residual capacity (RV), residual capacity/total lung capacity (RV/TLC)] test results and the occurrence of emphysema in patients with different diseases were observed and compared. Results A total of 33.33% (10/30) of patients in the asthma group had emphysema, were lower than 60% (18/30) of the patients in the COPD group had emphysema, and the difference was statistically significant (χ^(2)=4.286, P<0.05). The improvement rate of FVC in COPD group (16.45±16.60)% was higher than that in asthma group (8.72±5.34)%,and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.428, P<0.05). The improvement rate of FEV1 (5.67±13.26)%, FEV1 (56.79±6.04)%, and MMEF (60.28±5.17)% were lower than those in the asthma group (16.89±4.51)%, (78.90±4.82)%, (68.95±7.91)%, and the differences was statistically significant (t=4.388, 15.672, 5.025, P<0.05). TLC, RV, RV/TLC were (4.28±1.35)L, (2.38±0.96)L, (146.02±20.86)% higher than those in the asthma group (3.79±1.48)L, (2.09±1.14)L, (137.98±19.65)%, and the difference was not statistically significant (t=1.340, 1.066, 1.537, P>0.05). The airway reversible positive rate in COPD group was 30.00% lower than 90.00% in asthma group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ^(2)=22.500, P<0.05). Conclusion The detection of lung function can be used for differential diagnosis of late-onset bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with high accuracy, which can provide guidance for later treatment and is worthy of promotion.