数字时代的平台资本主义批判——从马克思主义政治经济学出发

Criticism of Platform Capitalism in the Digital Age-Based on Marxist Political Economy

在数字时代,资本主义发展的最新形式是平台资本主义。平台资本主义的核心是形成了数字生产方式,并在数字生产方式下不断地进行数据的收集、分析、加工和传播。在此基础上,数字平台将数据加工成具有经济收益性的数据-流量,在数字生产方式之下,能够生产出数据-流量的劳动便成为了数字劳动。数字-流量成为了新的生产要素,数字劳动也导致了生产关系的变革,即从产业生产关系下的资本家-工人的雇佣劳动关系变成平台-用户的不稳定的赢者通吃型的生产关系,平台-用户的生产关系造成了无产阶级的流众化,而这个趋势进一步导致平台资本主义的不平等和贫富分化的加剧。

In the digital age,the latest form of capitalist development is platform capitalism.The core of platform capitalism is to form the digitalized production mode,and continuously collect,analyze,process and distribute data under the digitalized production mode.On this basis,the digital platform processes data into economically profitable business data.Under the digitalized production mode,the labor that can produce business data becomes digital labor.Business data has become a new factor of production,and digital labor has also brought about the transformation of production relations,that is,from the employment relationship between capitalists and workers under industrial production relations to the unstable "winner-take-all" relationship between platform and users.The platform-user production relationship has led to the marginalization of the proletariat,and this trend has further caused the inequality of platform capitalism and the widened wealth disparity.