入侵植物牛膝菊属在中国的分类及分布研究

Taxonomy and distribution of invasive Galinsoga Ruiz & Pavón in China

在文献研究的基础上,通过比较形态学研究和标本考证,对入侵杂草牛膝菊属(Galinsoga Ruiz&Pavón)进行了分类和分布研究.结果表明:1)中国牛膝菊属植物包括牛膝菊(G.parviflora Cav.)和粗毛牛膝菊(G.quadriradiata Ruiz&Pavón)2种,入侵性均较强.2)牛膝菊和粗毛牛膝菊具有明显的区别特征:前者茎几无毛或仅在上部被少量短毛;边花的舌瓣小,全缘或2裂或3裂,冠毛无或明显短于花冠管.而后者茎被柔毛或密被长柔毛;边花舌瓣大,3裂,冠毛与花冠管近等长.3)牛膝菊和粗毛牛膝菊在中国大部分地区均有入侵,且二者分布区大部分重叠:牛膝菊分布较为集中,主要在西南、东北和华北东部地区;粗毛牛膝菊在西南、华中、华东、华北南部和东北南部地区均有分布,分布更为广泛.

Galinsoga parviflora Cav and G.quadriradiata Ruiz & Pavón specimens were examined to study their morphological characters and distribution in China.Two species of the genus Galinsoga,G.parviflora Cav.and G.quadriradiata Ruiz & Pavón,both invasive plants,were found in China.Some distinctive characters may be used to distinguish the two.For G.parviflora,stems were nearly glabrous or sparsely pilose;ray floret corollas were small,being singular,bifid or trifid;pappi were either absent or much shorter than tubes.For G.quadriradiata,stems were moderately or densely pilose;ray florets corollas were large,being trifid;pappi were almost as long as tube.Both G.parviflora and G.quadriradiata have been found in most areas in China,their distributions overlapped.G.parviflora was found centralized in the Southwest,Northeast,and east areas of North China.G.quadriradiata was found dispersed widely,in the Southwest,Central,East China,south areas of North China,and south areas of Northeast China.