柴达木盆地土壤浅层温度变化特征

Characteristics of Shallow Soil Temperature in Qaidam Basin

利用1981—2019年柴达木盆地9个国家气象站5-20cm土壤浅层地温资料,采用线性趋势、累计距平及Mann-Kendall突变检验和ArcGIS空间分析对地温时空分布特征进行分析研究。结果表明:地温年、季变化呈波动上升趋势,从1990s末上升趋势有所加快,地温春季变幅最大,冬季最小;1980s地温处于冷期,1997年左右发生上升突变,进入21世纪后为暖期。春季在1983年出现地温异常偏低,夏季在2013年和2016年地温异常偏高,秋季地温在1981年异常偏低、2019年异常偏高,冬季地温异常偏低和偏高年分别出现在1982年和2016年;春、夏季地温随深度增加而减小,秋、冬季随深度增加而增加。地温呈西部高、东部低的空间分布特征,格尔木和诺木洪为地温第一高值中心,天峻出现地温低值中心;地温的空间分布与经度和海拔高度关系密切。

Based on the 5-20 cm soil surface temperature data of nine national meteorological stations in Qaidam Basin from 1981 to 2019,the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of soil surface temperature were analyzed by using linear trend,cumulative anomaly,Mann-Kendall mutation test and ArcGIS spatial analysis.The results showed that the annual and seasonal variation of ground temperature showed a fluctuating upward trend,which accelerated from the end of 1990s,with the maximum variation in spring and the minimum variation in winter.In 1980s,the ground temperature was in a cold period,and then rose abruptly around 1997,and became a warm period after entering the 21st century.The ground temperature in spring was abnormally low in 1983,the ground temperature in summer was abnormally high in 2013 and 2016,the ground temperature in autumn was abnormally low in 1981 and abnormally high in 2019,and the ground temperature in winter was abnormally low and abnormally high in 1982 and 2016,respectively.Ground temperature decreases with depth in spring and summer,and increases with depth in autumn and winter.The spatial distribution of ground temperature is high in the west and low in the east.Golmud and Nuomuhong are the first high ground temperature centers,and tianjun has a low ground temperature center.The spatial distribution of ground temperature is closely related to longitude and altitude.