汉字的分化

Differentiation of Chinese Characters

汉字的分化指分散多义字的职务,避免由于多义而造成表达的混淆。裘锡圭对汉字的分化做了深入的研究,认为分化的对象是一字多职的字等观点可信,但所举例证限于古籍。本文进一步探讨了造成一字多职务的原因和汉字分化的途径,如语义的引申、文字的假借、同形字、同音形似字、部分意义有交叉的字等;分析了汉字分化的利与弊;对新中国成立以来的汉字分化进行了评议。补充了白话文的例证。

The differentiation of Chinese characters refers to dispersing the functions of polysemy to avoid confusion of expression.Qiu Xigui has made an in-depth study of the differentiation of Chinese characters,arguing that the object of differentiation is the character with multiple functions,but the examples cited are limited to ancient texts.This paper further discusses the causes of a character’s multi-functionality and the ways of differentiation,such as semantic derivation,phonetic loan,homographs,homophonic-simulgraphs,and characters with partially intersecting meanings.This paper also analyzes the pros and cons of Chinese character differentiation,and reviews the Chinese character differentiation since the founding of New China,and adds examples from vernacular texts.