当代中国道德心理学研究的进路、出路与回路——兼评李义天的《美德之心》

The Diversity of Approaches in Contemporary Chinese Moral Psychology:On Li Yitian’s The Heart of Virtue

仅就当代中国道德心理学研究的现状来看,其研究进路大致有德育心理学、道德哲学、实验伦理学和美德伦理学等四种进路,从而造成了道德心理学研究的分化现象。但无论研究进路有多少,其根本出路在于,立足当代中国的伦理道德实践,建构具有中国特色、中国风格、中国气派的道德心理学体系,可具体化为道德心理学的学科体系、学术体系和话语体系建设。道德心理学研究的“原点”或“回溯点”就是道德本身的心理基础,或支撑起道德的心理。在“原点”上,道德的心理与心理的道德是同一或同构的,这也就决定了道德心理学需要开启综合而又不失自身独立学科品格的研究之路。《美德之心》为此进行了有益的探索。

The current revival of virtue ethics has solicited a growing interest in moral psychology. This is seen in a number of outstanding works on the subject, of which Li Yitian’sThe Heart of Virtueis one. We can focus on four approaches to moral psychology in China today: moral education psychology, moral philosophy,experimental ethics, and virtue ethics. This apparent diversity offers a variety of possibilities for moral psychology, and it also highlights the richness on which it is founded. Still, despite the diversity of these approaches, the fundamental goal is to construct a moral psychology system with Chinese feature, style, and ethos based on the practice of ethics and morality in contemporary China. This system of moral psychology can be specified more particularly in terms of its three important components: the discipline system, the academic system, and the discourse system. With respect to the discipline system, moral psychology is seen as a newly emergent comprehensive discipline. Separately, the academic system of moral psychology comprises four aspects: psychological morality, the psychological basis of morality, the moral adjustment of individual psychology, and the moral optimization of social psychology. The starting point of moral psychology is the psychological foundation of morality. Originally, moral psychology and psychological morality were considered isomorphic, and in order to rectify this, scholars had to establish moral psychology on a road that would demonstrate it as both comprehensive and characteristically independent. It is here thatThe Heart of Virtue made its important contribution. Chinese moral psychology in this process should not make excessive appeals about knowledge to disciplines other than ethics and psychology, and it also should maintain an appropriate openness to future findings concerning knowledge by maintaining consistent self-reflection in order to maintain its academic legitimacy without losing its independent character.