城市群地区公共交通运营补贴分摊方法

On the Subsidy Apportion of Public Transport in Intercity Areas

城市群公交补贴主体涉及线路途经的各个城市,补贴主体具有多元特征,不同城市如何分摊跨城市公交线路所需要的总补贴额是一个值得研究的课题。本文基于跨区域城市公交服务产品形成的经济学原理,从“贡献-受益”角度分析了影响总补贴分摊率测算的因素。分析表明:线路运营里程、客运量、设站数量、人均GDP是影响补贴额分摊的主要因素。以此为基础,本文研究了各城市补贴分摊率计算原理,建立了分别考虑四个指标的补贴分摊率模型,并以C市、T市与L市之间的城市群公交为例进行了案例分析。研究表明:线路运营里程是贡献性(投入)因素,仅按照线路长度测算补贴分摊率存在逻辑上的不合理性,不利于发展跨城市公交服务;客运量与设站数量是收益性因素,按照这两个指标计算分摊率具有一定合理性,是未来跨城市补贴分摊率计算的主要方向;人均GDP是平衡性因素,兼顾了当前城市间经济发展水平差异,有利于促进城市群地区的结盟发展,对于打造跨城市群公益性服务具有重要的前瞻意义。

The subject of the city cluster bus subsidy involves each city through the line,and it has multiple characteristics,how different cities apportion the total amount of subsidies required for cross-city bus lines is a topic worth studying.Based on the economic theory of city cluster bus service products formation,the factors which affecting the calculation of the total subsidy apportion rate from the perspective of"contribution-profit"were analyzed.The analysis shows that line operating mileage,passenger volume,number of stations and Per capital GDP are the main factors affecting the apportionment of subsidies.Based on this,the calculation principle of the subsidy apportionment rate was studied,and the subsidy apportionment rate models that consider four indicators respectively were established.The case study was conducted on the city cluster bus between C city,T city and L city.The results show that the line operating mileage is a contributing(input)factor,and it is logically unreasonable to calculate the subsidy apportionment rate based on the line length alone,which is not conducive to the development of city cluster bus service.Passenger volume and the number of stations are the profit factors.It is reasonable to calculate the apportionment rate according to these two indicators,which is the main direction of the future cross-city subsidy apportionment rate calculation.Per capital GDP is a balancing factor,taking into account the differences in economic development levels between cities,which is conducive to promoting the alliance and development of urban agglomeration,and has important forward-looking significance for building cross-city group public welfare service.