近40年新疆三生用地转型及其生态环境效应演变

Changes of Production-Living-Ecology Land Transformation and Eco-environmental Effects in Xinjiang in Last 40 Years

【目的】通过对新疆近40年三生用地转型的研究,探讨区域土地利用转型背后深层次的生态环境效应演变问题,为土地利用结构的合理调整、生态环境保护及可持续发展提供科学参考。【方法】基于新疆1980~2020年共8期土地利用遥感数据,利用ArcGIS、生态环境质量指数及生态环境贡献率等方法分析土地利用转型的时空演变特征和生态环境效应。【结果】1980~2020年新疆的土地利用结构变化明显,生产用地和生活用地大幅增加,生态用地持续减少;1980~2020年新疆的生态环境质量持续降低,其中2015~2020年降幅最快,生态环境持续恶化,对生态环境起到正效应的因素主要是其他生态用地转型为草地生态用地,对生态环境起到负效应的因素主要是水域生态用地转型为其他生态用地;新疆生态环境高质量区域主要分布在天山、昆仑山和阿尔泰山,1980~2020年面积不断缩减;生态环境低质量区域主要分布在塔里木、准噶尔和吐鲁番三大盆地,面积呈扩张趋势。【结论】水域生态用地面积不断减少是新疆生态环境质量恶化、生态环境高质量区域面积不断缩减的主要原因。

[Objective]Through the research on the transformation of production-living-ecology land in Xinjiang in recent 40 years,this paper discusses the evolution of deep-seated eco-environmental effects,so as to provide scientific reference for the rational adjustment of land use structure,eco-environmental protection and sustainable development.[Method]Based on 8 remote sensing data of land use in Xinjiang from 1980 to 2020,the spatial-temporal variation of land use transformation and eco-environmental effects were analyzed by using ArcGIS eco-environmental quality index and eco-environmental contribution rate.[Result]The land use structure changed significantly in Xinjiang from 1980 to 2020.The land for production and living increased significantly,while the land for ecological use decreased continuously.The ecological environment quality in Xinjiang decreased from 1980 to 2020.The decreasing rate was fast from 2015 to 2020.The primary positive factor for the ecological environment was the transformation of other ecological land into grassland ecological land,while the main negative factor was the transformation of water ecological land into other ecological land.The high ecological quality area in Xinjiang were mainly distributed in the Tian shan,Kun lun and Altai Mountains,and it decreased from 1980 to 2020.The low ecological quality area was expanding in the Tarim,Junggar and Turpan basins from 1980 to 2020.[Conclusion]The continuous reduction of water ecological land area is the main reason for the deterioration of ecological environment quality and the continuous reduction of high-quality ecological environment area in Xinjiang.