绿肥间作和滴灌对苹果园土壤肥力和果实品质的影响

Effects of Intercropping Green Manure and Drip Irrigation on Soil Fertility and Apple Fruit Quality in Apple Orchards

【目的】研究绿肥间作和水肥一体化技术对苹果园土壤肥力和果树生产的影响。【方法】于2018~2020年设常规施肥+自然生草(CF)、滴灌+常规施肥+自然生草(SF)、常规施肥+绿肥(GF)、滴灌+常规施肥+绿肥(SGF)和滴灌+追肥氮磷钾用量较常规施肥减少20%+绿肥(80%SGF)5个处理,在苹果园进行小区水肥试验,研究毛叶苕子与果树间作、滴灌施肥对果园土壤肥力及苹果果实品质的影响。【结果】两年的研究结果表明:所有处理中,以SGF处理土壤的微生物数量最多,土壤养分含量最高,苹果的果实品质最好。与CF处理相比,SF处理土壤碱解氮和速效钾含量平均增加了8.46%和10.06%,苹果的可溶性固形物和VC含量平均增加了11.01%和4.37%,土壤放线菌数量、脲酶和磷酸酶活性显著增加,GF处理土壤碱解氮含量平均增加了8.09%,苹果的可溶性固形物和VC含量平均增加了14.86%和9.25%,土壤的微生物数量和土壤的脲酶、磷酸酶活性显著增加;与SF处理相比,SGF处理土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷含量显著增加,苹果可溶性固形物和VC含量平均增加了7.74%和8.80%,可滴定酸含量降低了11.12%;与GF处理相比,SGF处理土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量显著增加,可溶性固形物和VC含量显著增加。【结论】绿肥间作和水肥一体化技术应用于果树生产,能够显著提高土壤肥力、改善果实品质,其中以滴灌+常规施肥+绿肥间作处理效果最好。

[Objective]The application effects of intercropping green manure and water and fertilizer integration were studied in apple orchards.[Method]The effects of green manure of Vicia villosa Roth and drip irrigation equipment on soil fertility and fruit quality in apple orchards were tested from 2018 to 2020.Five treatments,including conventional fertilization and natural grass(CF),drip irrigation and conventional fertilization and natural grass(SF),conventional fertilization and green manure(GF),drip irrigation and conventional fertilization and green manure(SGF),and drip irrigation and topdressing with nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium applying 20%less than conventional fertilization and green manure(80%SGF),were designed to carry out water and fertilizer experiment in apple orchard.[Result]The 2-year results showed that among all the treatments,SGF treatment soil had the most microorganisms,the highest soil nutrient contents and the best apple fruit quality.Compared with CF treatment,the contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium in SF treatment increased by 8.46%and 10.06%,the contents of soluble solid and VC in apple increased by 11.01%and 4.37%,the number of soil actinomyces,urease and phosphatase activities significantly increased in SF treatment,and the contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in GF treatment increased by 8.09%.The contents of soluble solid and VC in apple increased by 14.86%and 9.25%,the number of soil microorganisms and the activities of soil urease and phosphatase increased significantly.Compared with SF treatment,soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus contents in SGF treatment were significantly increased,soluble solid and VC contents in apple were increased by 7.74%and 8.80%on average,and titratable acid contents were decreased by 11.12%.Compared with GF treatment,the contents of alkalihydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in SGF treatment were significantly increased,while the contents of soluble solid and VC were significantly increased.[Conclusion]The application of green manure intercropping and water and fertilizer integration technology in fruit production could significantly improve soil fertility index and apple fruit quality,and the treatment of drip irrigation and conventional fertilization and green manure intercropping had the best effect.