社会教育之并蒂莲:中国近代博物馆与图书馆“共生”现象初探

Twin Lotus of Social Education:A Preliminary Study on the "Symbiosis" between Museum and Library in Modern China

中国近代的博物馆与图书馆同在教育救国的思潮下被引入中国,并逐渐成长为社会教育的“双翼”。由于其密切联系,二者在发展过程中常常出现“图博合一”等相互“共生”的现象,并逐渐形成三种“共生”模式:“附设模式”“图书博物馆模式”和“并立模式”。其中附设模式始终为主流,又以博物馆附设于图书馆为主。近代博物馆与图书馆的“共生”关系实际可追溯至二者的古代形态。“共生”与互动关系中可见明显不平衡性,博物馆常处于附属位置。这种不平衡的共生关系深刻影响了中国早期博物馆的发展,也对近代图书馆、近代社会教育产生了不可忽视的影响。

Museum and library were both introduced into modern China under the ideological trend of saving the country through education,and they gradually grew into two "wings" for social education.Due to their close relationship,a "symbiosis" phenomenon became common in their development process,with the integration of museum and library in three "symbiosis" modes:"attached mode","book museum mode" and "coexisting mode".Among them,the "attached mode" is always the mainstream,with museum attached to library in most cases.The "symbiotic" relationship between museum and library in modern times can actually be traced back to their ancient forms,where an imbalance is clearly visible in their "symbiosis" and interaction,with museum always in the subsidiary position.This imbalanced symbiotic relationship had a profound impact on the development of early Chinese museums,as well as on modern libraries and modern social education.