藏式园林与聚落空间组织模式及作用机制研究

RESEARCH ON THE SPATIAL ORGANIZATION MODE AND MECHANISM OF TIBETAN GARDEN AND SETTLEMENT

藏式园林具有集自然和人文于一体的双重特点。通过对藏式园林特性的界定、分类,尝试建立等级制度下聚落“界线—领域”的空间结构和“园林景观—人居环境”空间形态的相互关系,说明“教化齐同”的社会思想在景观伦理与聚落空间互动耦合中所起的作用。基于典型案例的分析,认识藏式园林的景观伦理关系,及其与聚落相结合形成的集聚与开敞、集中与分散、组团与纽带的空间组织模式。从中揭示决定园林和聚落关系的生态和文化作用机制。通过研究认识和较好地掌握藏聚落景观环境、空间层级和秩序的营建方式,为藏族和其他地区传统聚落的保护和发展建设提供参考。

Tibetan gardens are endowed with the characteristics of both nature and culture.By defining and classifying the characteristics of Tibetan gardens,this paper tries to establish the relationship between the spatial structure of“borderline–domain”and the spatial form of“garden landscape–human settlement”under the hierarchical system to illustrate the role of the social thought of“education and uniformity”played in the interaction and coupling of landscape ethics and settlement space.Based on the analysis of typical cases,this paper aims to understand the landscape ethical order of Tibetan gardens,and the spatial organization pattern of agglomeration and openness,concentration and dispersion,group and bond formed by the combination of Tibetan gardens and settlements.From this,this paper reveals the ecological and cultural mechanisms that determine the relationship between gardens and settlements.Through understanding the settlement landscape environment,spatial hierarchy and order construction methods,this paper provides a reference for the protection and development of traditional settlements in Tibet and other areas.