树鼩病毒感染模型的研究新进展

Recent Advances in Virus Infection Models of Tree Shrews

病毒感染引起的疾病接近中国主要传染病发病率的一半,也是传染病致死的主要病因。建立与人类亲缘关系较近、方便有效的感染人类病毒的动物模型,对了解病毒的生物学特性、感染致病机理及制定有效防控措施具有重要意义。树鼩作为灵长类动物的近亲,与人类在生理生化、基因组学等方面的相似性远高于大鼠、小鼠等常用啮齿类实验动物,并具有个体小、便于实验操作、饲养成本低、能感染多种人类病毒等特点,作为动物模型在病毒感染性疾病研究中突显优势和潜能。本文从地区分布、进化、生物学特性等方面,阐述了树鼩作为动物模型应用于病毒感染性疾病研究的优势,包括在乙型肝炎病毒、甲型肝炎病毒,及其他病毒感染疾病研究中的进展。

Viral infection is a global public health threat causing nearly half of the incidence rate of major infectious diseases in China.Establishment of an animal model to mimic the progression of viral infectious diseases in humans is of great significance to study the pathogenesis and prevention of viral infectious diseases.Tree shrews,as the close relatives of primates,have a higher similarity with humans in physiology,biochemistry,genomics than rodents.Tree shrew has unique characteristics that render it a potentially advantageous animal model,including small body size,short reproductive cycle and life span,easy handling,low maintenance cost,and it can infect a variety of viruses related to human diseases.In this paper,the biological advantages of tree shrew as a novel animal model of viral infectious diseases are summarized,including distribution and evolutionary status,biology and physiology.In addition,the latest application of tree shrew in the research of many viral infectious diseases such as in hepatitis B virus,hepatitis A virus and other virus were compared and summarized.