石家庄地区婴幼儿眼外伤的临床特点分析

Analysis of clinical characteristics of ocular trauma in infants from the region of Shijiazhuang

目的分析石家庄地区婴幼儿眼外伤的临床特点。方法横断面研究。分析河北省儿童医院2016年1月至2020年12月住院的3月龄~6岁婴幼儿眼外伤152例(167只眼)的临床资料,分别就外伤类型、年龄、性别、眼别、致伤物及就诊时间进行临床分析。结果本研究152例婴幼儿眼外伤中,角结膜异物43例(28.29%),眼睑结膜裂伤39例(25.66%),眼球挫伤23例(15.13%),眼球穿孔伤12例(7.89%),眼球化学伤18例(11.84%),眶骨骨折17例(11.18%)。致伤原因复杂,包括跌撞及坠落、玩具及文具、化学物品、沙石及铁制品、植物等。男女比例为2.04∶1,单眼发病率为90.13%(137/152),其中2岁儿童的眼外伤最多,占25.66%(39/152)。眼球化学伤伤后就诊时间最短为(2.25±1.55)h,角结膜异物平均就诊时间最长为(24.45±18.92)h。结论婴幼儿眼外伤中角结膜异物和眼睑结膜裂伤最常见,眼球穿孔伤少见。男童发病率明显高于女童,常为单眼损伤,2岁儿童多见。患者就诊时间眼球化学伤最短,角结膜异物最长。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of ocular trauma in infants from Shijiazhuang region.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinical data of 167 eyes of 152 children admitted with ocular trauma from Jan.2016 to Dec.2020 in the Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province were reviewed and analyzed.The trauma type,age,gender,eye,causes and visit time were observed.Results Among the 152 cases of infants with ocular trauma in this study,43 cases were of corneal or conjunctival foreign body(28.29%),39 cases were of eyelid or conjunctival laceration(25.66%),23 cases were of eyeball contusion(15.13%),12 cases were of ocular perforation(7.89%),18 cases were of chemical eyeball injury(11.84%)and 17 cases were of orbital fracture(11.18%).The causes of injuries were complex,including falling,knocks from toys and stationery,contact with chemicals,sand and iron products,stabbing from plants,etc.The ratio of male to female was 2.04∶1,and the incidence of monocular disease was 90.13%(137/152).Children aged 2 years old had the most common ocular injuries(25.66%,39/152).The shortest mean visit time was(2.25±1.55)h after chemical injury and(24.45±18.92)h from kerateconjunctival foreign body.Conclusion Eyelid or conjunctival foreign bodies,eyelid or conjunctival laceration are common,while ocular perforation is rare in infants with ocular trauma.The incidence in boys is significantly higher than that in girls,mostly monocular.Children aged 2 years are more common.The visit time of patients with chemical eyeball injuries are the shortest,while those with foreign bodies are the longest.