寄生虫源性外泌体的研究进展

Research progress of parasite-derived exosomes

外泌体(exosome)是由不同种类的细胞释放的一种具有脂质双分子层结构的囊泡样小体,含有多种RNA、蛋白质和脂质,参与细胞的信号转导,调控细胞的生长、增殖、分化和凋亡等,在长距离细胞间通讯发挥重要作用。近年来,多种寄生虫源性外泌体不断被发现,并可调节宿主的免疫应答以逃避免疫监视或促进疾病的进展。本文综述了不同寄生虫来源的外泌体的组分、生物学作用及其对宿主免疫反应的调节,为寄生虫与宿主的相互作用研究增加新的认识,为寄生虫病的防治提供参考。

Exosomes are small vesicle-like bodies with a lipid bilayer structure that are released by different types of cells,and contain large amounts of nucleic acids,proteins,lipids and other substances.Exosomes could take part in signal transduction as well as controlling cells growth,proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis and play important roles in long distance cellular communications.In recent years,more and more parasites were found to secret exosomes to regulate host’s immune responses or exacerbate disease progression.This paper reviews the components,biological functions and regulation of host immune response of exosomes from different parasites,so as to increase new understanding for the study of the interactions between parasites and hosts and provide reference for the prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases.