劳动力成本上升对农户营林投入结构的影响——基于林业社会化服务供给约束的视角

The Impact of Increased Labor Costs on Farmers’Input Structure of Forestland Management:An Analysis from the Perspective of Supply Constraints of Forestry Socialized Services

本文从林业社会化服务供给约束的视角出发,在理论层面探讨劳动力成本上升背景下农户营林投入结构调整趋缓的关键约束及作用机理,并使用来自国家林业和草原局发展研究中心的全国9省(区)固定样本连续监测数据,采用面板数据Tobit模型进行实证检验。研究结果显示,劳动力成本上升促进了农户营林投入结构的资本化,但这种促进作用会受到林业社会化服务供给水平的调节。当前林业部门普遍较低的社会化服务供给水平使得资本替代劳动的必要条件缺失,抑制了要素替代的实现。此外,农户营林投入结构亦受到地形条件和制度因素的影响。其中,地形条件的调节效应在一定程度上得到了验证;而集体林权制度改革促进了农户营林投入结构的资本化。更进一步地,林业社会化服务供给水平的调节效应在劳动力市场发育程度、产权强度和土地资源禀赋三个方面呈现出异质性。上述研究结论表明,多措并举加快林业社会化服务体系建设、深化集体林权制度改革是促进集体林区农户营林投入结构优化升级的可行路径。

From the perspective of supply constraints of forestry socialized services,this article discusses the key constraints and action mechanism of farmers’input structure adjustment of forestland management under the background of rising labor costs at the theoretical level.Based on the data collected from 9 provinces(autonomous regions)by National Forestry and Grassland Administration,the study uses the panel data Tobit model to conduct an empirical analysis.The results show that increased labor costs promote the capitalization of farmers’forestland input structure,but the positive effect is moderated by the supply level of forestry socialized services.At present,the low level of socialized services provision in the forestry sector leads to the absence of necessary conditions for factor substitution and inhibits the realization of factor substitution.Additionally,the input structure of forestland management is also affected by topographic factors and tenure factors.Among them,the moderating effect of topographic factors has been verified to a certain extent.The collective forestland tenure reform is beneficial to promoting the capitalization of forestland input structure.Furthermore,the moderating effect of forestry socialized services provision displays heterogeneities in three aspects,namely,labor market development degree,property rights intensity and land resource endowment.The findings suggest that it is feasible to optimize and upgrade forestland input structure through constructing forestry socialized service system and deepening collective forestland tenure reform.