双重“波粒二象性”下民事当事人陈述制度的本土图景

The Native Prospect of the Civil Party Representation System Under the Dual“Wave-Particle Duality”

我国民事当事人陈述制度设立已久,但长期以来片面强调其在证据功能层面的意义,以致偏向功能的一元定位。现行立法混同不同涵义的“当事人陈述”,不同条文之间的冲突较为激烈,相关制度仍然呈现粗放型的特点。当事人陈述具有双重“波粒二象性”,其一为当事人陈述的真实性和虚假性属性混同,其二为当事人陈述具有阐明案情和证明案情的两种功能。藉此,以比较法视角观之,英美法系的“证人混同型”当事人陈述制度和德日的“独立证据型”当事人陈述制度均有一定的借鉴意义。我国民事当事人陈述制度的本土图景,首先应从阶段化的庭审构造入手,明确不同阶段下当事人陈述的功能定位。其次应坚守当事人陈述的补充性,在此基础上,进一步细化当事人询问制度。

China’s civil litigant’s statement system has been established for a long time,but for a long time one-sided emphasis is put on its significance in the level of evidence function,so as to bias the function of the single orientation.The current legislation confuses“statement of the litigant”with different meanings,the conflicts between different provisions being more intense,and the relevant system still shows the characteristics of extensive pattern.The litigant’s statements have double“wave-particle duality”.One is the confusion of the authenticity and falsity of the litigant’s statements,and the other is the dual of the functions of the litigant’s statements to clarify the case and prove the case.Therefore,from the perspective of comparative law,the“witness confusion type”litigant statement system of Anglo-American law system and the“independent evidence type”litigant statement system of Germany and Japan have certain reference significance.The local prospect of the civil litigant’s statement system in China should first start with the construction of the staged trial,and clarify the function orientation of the litigant’s statement in different stages.Then it is advisable to stick to the supplementary nature of the litigant’s statements,and on this basis,the litigant’s inquiry system should be further refined.