中药材种植中农药使用情况及残留现状分析

Analysis of Pesticide Application and Pesticide Residues in Traditional Chinese Medicine Cultivation

目的:对中药材种植病虫害发生特点、农药残留污染现状进行综述汇总,旨在掌握中药材中农药残留情况,进而为中药材中农药监测和管理提出建议。方法:查阅近5年内发表的相关文献并结合本课题组对中药材中农药残留筛查与日常监测情况,整理不同中药材种植过程中农药登记情况、农药残留污染现状等。结果与结论:中药材中农药残留检出率高但残留量较低。现有登记农药种类远不能满足实际种植中的病虫害防治需求,部分药材种植过程中存在农药滥用情况。建议应关注部分药材中植物生长素的使用情况,采用风险评估方法为标准制定和监管提供有力证据;同时,研究低毒的病虫害防治手段,从源头上避免农药污染。

Objective: To review and summarize the characteristics of plant diseases and insect pests in traditional Chinese medicine planting and the current situation of pesticide residue pollution in order to master the scenario of pesticide residues in traditional Chinese medicine cultivation. Suggestions for pesticide monitoring and management in Chinese medicinal materials were put forward afterwards. Methods: By combing the screening and the daily monitoring of pesticide residues in traditional Chinese medicine by our research group, the relevant literature published in the past five years was consulted to sort out the pesticide registration and pesticide residue pollution status in the planting process of different traditional Chinese medicinal materials. Results and Conclusion: The detection rate of pesticide residues in traditional Chinese medicines was high, but the residues were low. The existing categories of registered pesticides can barely meet the needs of disease and pest control in actual planting, and pesticide abuse is found in the planting process of some medicinal materials. It is suggested that attention should be paid to the use of plant auxin in some traditional Chinese medicine cultivation and the risk assessment methods should be used to provide strong evidence for standard formulation and supervision. At the same time, low-toxic prevention and control methods for diseases and pests should be studied so as to stop pesticide pollution from the source.