西夏文契约的担保制度与处罚制度补考——以新译释西夏文契约文书为中心

The Additional Research on the Guarantee System and Penalty System of Tangut Contracts——Centered on the New Translation of Tangut Contract Documents

该文通过对新译释西夏契约文书的梳理和观察,对西夏担保与处罚制度补充如下认识:在担保制度方面,在债权担保的范畴内,除已知的保人担保外,还有合伙担保、同籍担保和中人担保;在对标的物的担保范畴内,有瑕疵担保和追夺担保。在处罚制度方面,监军司是黑水城地区契约责任的仲裁机构之一,而违约赔款的收缴机构则为罚赃库。这与唐契中“官有政法,人从私契”的契约精神有所不同,折射出民间习惯法与国家法的关联和互动。

Through sorting out and observing more contract documents of Tangut,this paper adds the following understanding to the system of guarantee and penalty.In terms of the guarantee system,In the scope of debt guarantees,except for the known"Guarantor-guarantee",still existed"Partnership-guarantee","Familyguarantee"and"Intermediary-guarantee".In the scope of the guarantee for the subject matter,the"Defect—guarantee"and"Evictio-guarantee"could be noticed.In terms of the penalty system,we found one of the arbitration agencies in Khara-Khoto was the"Jianjunsi",and the collecting agency of default compensation was"Fazangku"·This was different from the spirit of the contract in the Tang Dynasty-"officials obeyed political law,but people used private contract".It reflects the relationship and interaction between folk customary and national law.