行政执法中声誉制裁的法律性质与规范形态

Legal Nature and Normative Form of Reputational Sanction in Administrative Law Enforcement

行政执法中的声誉制裁可以区分为确认型、公示型与处罚型三种理想类型。确认型声誉制裁中包含了行政执法机关实施的行政确认行为,以及与其相链接的多种其他行政制裁措施(包括行政处罚、行政强制措施与其他制裁措施等),其规范形态主要存在于违法失信名单管理制度中。公示型声誉制裁中包含了程序性行政行为、政府信息公开行为与行政强制执行行为,呈现了多样化的规范形态。处罚型声誉制裁中包含了行政处罚中的声誉罚与人身罚,前者主要体现在通报批评相关的法律规范中,后者则并无法律规范依据,属于违法的行政处罚行为。

Reputational Sanction in administrative law enforcement can be divided into three ideal types:confirmation type,publicity type and punishment type.Confirmatory reputation sanctions include administrative confirmation actions carried out by administrative law enforcement organs,as well as a variety of other linked administrative sanctions(including administrative penalties,administrative coercive measures and other sanctions,etc.),and its normative form mainly exists in the management system of the list of illegal and trust-breaking.Public reputation sanctions include procedural administrative acts,government information disclosure acts and administrative enforcement acts,presenting a variety of normative forms.The punishment reputation sanction includes the reputation punishment and personal punishment in administrative punishment.The former is mainly reflected in the legal norms related to “ circulating a notice of criticism”,while the latter has no legal norms basis and belongs to the illegal administrative punishment behavior.