解释、充分解释与一般理论的建设

Interpretation,Fully Interpretation and Construction of General Theories

“理论”就是一组以特定逻辑格式联结起来、可用于解释相关经验事实的抽象观念或陈述。“解释”就是找出某种现象得以发生的原因,从形式上看,只要找到一个被我们认为是导致这一现象发生的直接原因即可。“充分解释”则是必须要通过不断追溯找出导致这一现象发生的根本原因,从形式上看,这就意味着将待解释的具体经验事实不断从相对更为抽象的陈述或命题中推演出来,直至这一过程无法或无需继续时为止。最抽象、最一般的理论陈述构成对有待解释的事实陈述进行充分解释的最终逻辑依据,它的形成是该领域在该范式引导下所开展的研究活动达到相对完善程度的标志。加强一般理论的建设应该是包括社会学在内的各门中国特色社会科学建设的重要任务。

A“theory”is a set of abstract ideas or statements linked in a specific logical format that can be used to interpret relevant empirical facts.“Interpretation”is to find out the reason for a phenomenon to occur.Formally,it is enough to find a direct cause that we think is the cause of the phenomenon.“Fully interpretation”means that the root cause of the phenomenon must be found through continuous tracing.Formally,this means that the specific empirical facts to be interpreted are continuously deduced from relatively more abstract statements or propositions out until the process cannot or does not need to continue.The most abstract and general theoretical statement constitutes the final logical basis for fully interpretation of the factual statement to be interpreted,and its formation is a sign of the relative perfection of the research activities carried out in this field.Strengthening the construction of general theories should be an important task in the construction of social sciences with Chinese characteristics,including sociology.