居民养老责任观念的区域差异及影响因素分析

Regional Differences and Influencing Factors of Residents'Concept of Pension Responsibility

研究居民养老责任观念的区域差异及其影响因素,有助于进一步了解不同地区的居民对不同养老方式的偏好和态度,可为研究养老事业提供思路。基于2018年中国综合社会调查数据,从居民的个人特征、家庭特征和社会特征出发,分别为东、中、西部地区建立无序多分类Logistic回归模型。研究发现,由子女负责的养老责任观念依旧占据着社会的主流,但养老责任观念的区域差异已经出现,并且各地区养老责任观念的影响因素存在异同。基于以上影响因素分析,新时期应该重点关注:第一,继续坚持居家养老在养老服务体系中的基础地位;第二,优化养老资源地域配置,适当向西部和农村倾斜;第三,均衡东、中、西部教育资源,提高居民的受教育水平;第四,提高宣传力度,帮助居民树立社会化的养老观念。

To study the regional differences of residents'concept of pension responsibility and its influencing factors will help to further understand the preference and attitude of residents to different pension ways in different areas,and provide ideas for the study of China's pension cause.Based on the data of China General Social Survey in 2018,disordered multi-classification Logistic regression models were established for the eastern,central and western regions based on residents'personal characteristics,family characteristics and social characteristics.The study found that the idea that children are responsible for the responsibility of supporting the aged still occupies the mainstream of society,but the regional differences in the concept of pension responsibility have appeared,and there are differences and similarities in the influencing factors of the concept of pension responsibility in different regions.Based on the analysis of the above influencing factors,we should focus on the following aspects in the new period:First,continue to adhere to the basic position of home care in the pension service system;Second,optimize the geographical allocation of endowment resources,appropriately tilt toward the western and rural areas;Third,balance educational resources in the eastern,central and western regions and improve the educational level of residents;Fourth,improve publicity efforts to help residents establish a socialized old-age concept.