政治经济学批判语境中的社会性概念重构

Reconstruction of the Concept of Sociality in the Context of Critique of Political Economy

以“社会学”的名义去框定马克思,需要理解马克思与西方社会学之间的“革命”。对作为“人与人之间关系”建构原则的“社会性”缺乏深入关注,妨碍了我们对两者之间“革命”实质的理解,从而也会对建构马克思社会理论产生误导。以霍布斯与黑格尔为个案可以看到,“社会性Ⅰ”具有外在强制结构的特质,而黑格尔则更直白地在内在性维度的“社会性Ⅱ”层面为现代性重构提供方案。这两类思路也成为西方社会学在面对此问题时的基本思路。从政治经济学批判切入,则可以看到,马克思指向的是“社会性Ⅲ”,他要求侧重面向资本主义社会关系与人之行动的内在关联,从而在阶级与资本互动的逻辑上寻求人之存在方式变革,这也显示了马克思与西方社会理论之间存在一条不可逾越的鸿沟。

To frame Marx in the name of“sociology”,we need to understand the“revolution”between Marx and Western sociology.The lack of in-depth attention to“sociality”,which is the construction principle of“interpersonal relationship”,hinders our understanding of the essence of“revolution”between them,and thus misleads the construction of Marxian social theory.Taking Hobbes and Hegel as examples,we can see their model of“socialityⅠ”with the characteristics of external coercive structure,while the latter provides a scheme for modernity reconstruction more straightforwardly at the level of“socialityⅡ”in the internal dimension.These two have also become the basic ideas of Western sociology when facing this problem.When people approach from the perspective of critique of political economy,it can be seen that Marx points to“socialityⅢ”,and he demands to focus on the internal relationship between capitalist social relations and human actions,so as to seek the change of human existence mode from the logic of interaction between class and capital,which also shows an insurmountable gap between Marx and Western social theories.