无偿献血不良反应影响因素分析及预防措施研究

Study on influencing Factors and preventive Measures of adverse Reactions of unpaid Blood Donation

目的探究无偿献血不良反应的影响因素,并制定预防干预措施。方法回顾性分析开封市中心血站2019年1月至2019年12月期间77066例无偿献血者临床资料,采集全部献血者临床资料,包含性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、体重、职业状况、献血季节、献血时间、献血史及进食状态等。了解献血者不良反应出现情况,并依据献血者是否发生不良反应将其划分成发生组与未发生组,对比上述两组献血者临床资料,分析发生组献血者匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)及焦虑自评量表(SAS)得分。将存在差异的部分带入Logistic回归方程开展计算,分析无偿献血者出现不良反应的影响因素,并依据相关因素制定预防干预措施。结果在77066例无偿献血者中,发生不良反应者有80例(0.10%),未发生不良反应者有76986例(99.90%)。在80例出现不良反应的献血者中,10例(12.50%)为头晕,10例(12.50%)为心悸,30例(37.50%)为出冷汗,30例(37.50%)是局部血肿。发生组与未发生组献血者在体重、献血季节、献血时间、进食状态方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。将上述有差异项目代入Logistic回归方程计算发现,体重、献血季节、献血时间及进食状态是无偿献血者出现不良反应的主要影响因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。发生组80例献血者PSQI得分在12~20分之间,平均PSQI得分是(14.32±1.05)分;SSRS得分在10~25分之间,平均SSRS得分是(18.75±2.01)分;SAS得分在47~63分之间,平均SAS得分是(56.38±3.17)分。结论导致无偿献血者出现献血不良反应的影响因素较多,针对影响因素制定相应预防措施,能够一定程度上降低不良反应,发挥重要效果。

Objective To explore the factors affecting the adverse reactions of unpaid blood donation,and to formulate preventive intervention measures.Methods the clinical data of 77066 unpaid blood donors in Kaifeng blood station from January 2019 to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively,including gender,age,marital status,education,weight,occupation,blood season,blood donation time,blood donation history and eating status.To understand the occurrence of adverse reactions in blood donors,and they were divided into two groups according to whether the adverse reactions occurred or not,the clinical data of the above two groups of blood donors was compared,the scores of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),social support rating scale(SSRS)and self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)were analyzed.The difference was taken into the Logistic regression equation to analyze the factors influencing the adverse reactions of unpaid blood donors,and according to the relevant factors to formulate preventive intervention measures.Results Among 77066 blood donors,80(0.10%)had adverse reactions and 76986(99.90%)had no adverse reactions.Of the 80 blood donors who had adverse reactions,10(12.50%)had dizziness,10(12.50%)had palpitation,30(37.50%)had cold sweating,and 30(37.50%)had local hematoma.There were significant differences in weight,season,time of blood donation and eating status between the two groups(P<0.05).The difference items were putted into Logistic regression equation and found that body weight,season of blood donation,time of blood donation and eating state were the main factors affecting the adverse reactions of unpaid blood donors,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).In the occurrence group of 80 blood donors,the average PSQI score was(14.32±1.05),ranging from 12 to 20;the average SSRS score was(18.75±2.01),ranging from 10 to 25;the average SAS score was(56.38±3.17),ranging from 47 to 63.Conclusion There are many factors that lead to the adverse reaction of unpaid blood donors.The prevention measures can reduce the untoward reaction to a certain extent and play an important role.