墨子、孟子“非攻”思想对比及互补研究

A Contrastive and Complementary Study of Mo Tzu and Mencius’Non-offensive Thoughts

墨、孟皆倡“非攻”,然二者之“体”与“相”迥然不同。即“体”言,墨子以形而上的主宰之“天”“天志”为依归;孟子以“民”代“天”而作为其“非攻”思想的内在依据。即“相”论,墨子重言“利”,游说方式多端,不仅有“非攻之道”,还有“非攻之术”;孟子以“民”为体,言“义”不言“利”,言说略显单调。墨、孟二体系又各存弊病,这使得儒墨互补成为可能;同时,二“体”之间的差异又构成儒墨互补的限定义。

Both Mo Tzu and Mencius advocate“Non-aggression”,but they differ in“Ontology”and“Appearance”.In terms of the theory of“Ontology”,Mo Tzu is based on the metaphysical dominant“Heaven”and“Heavenly ambition”,whereas Mencius takes“People”instead of“Heaven”as the internal basis of his thought of“Non-attack”.As far as the“Appearance”theory is concerned,Mo Tzu emphasizes“Benefit”,he boasts many lobbying methods,and his idea coversboth“Non-offensive Way”and“Non-offensive Art”;Mencius on the other hand advocates“Righteousness”rather than“Benefit”in his lobbying,which is a little monotonous in form.The Mohist and Mencius systems bear the disadvantages of their own,which make it possible for Confucianism and Mohism to complement each other.At the same time,the disparities between the two“Noumenons”limit the definition of complementation of Confucianism and Mohism.