基于卫星遥感的热带气旋定强技术综述

REVIEW OF TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY ESTIMATION METHODS BASED ON SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING

热带气旋大部分时间活动在常规观测缺乏的海洋上,卫星遥感作为大范围对地观测的主要技术,为热带气旋强度估算(定强)提供了重要支撑。近年来,热带气旋定强技术的资料应用逐渐从单通道数据拓展到红外、水汽、微波等多通道数据,建模方法也从人为特征提取的线性模型发展到自动特征工程的非线性深度学习模型。在未来,多通道和多卫星资料的融合应用依旧是重点,将人为定义的特征因子与深度学习方法相结合、在静止卫星上搭载微波探测仪器等预计会带来定强精度的新突破。

Tropical cyclones spend most of their time in the ocean,where routine meteorological observation is lacking.Satellite remote sensing,as the main technology for large-scale Earth observation,has provided important data for the estimation of tropical cyclone intensity since the 1960s.In recent years,the data used by the satellite-based tropical cyclone intensity estimation methods have gradually expanded from single-channel data to multiple-channel data including those from infrared,water vapor,and microwave channels.The modeling methods have also developed from the linear model of artificial feature extraction to the nonlinear deep learning model of automatic feature engineering.In the future,the focus will still be the application of multi-channel and multi-satellite data fusion.The combination of humandefined feature and deep learning methods,and the carrying of microwave sounders on stationary satellites are expected to bring new breakthroughs in the area.