论古希腊哲学中的“techne”概念

On the Concept of"techne"in Ancient Greek Philosophy

古希腊早期哲学家并未对技艺(techne)和理论知识进行严格区分,他们较为注重技艺的实用方面。随着柏拉图理念论和亚里士多德的形质学说的建立,技艺所指涉的内涵以及知识(形式)与技艺的关系变得更加清晰。后来,在基督教与异教哲学的共同影响下,技艺的内涵进一步收缩,并在中世纪完全服务于神学研究。与此同时,“自由技艺”成为中世纪乃至后世西方教育学中的重要内容。

The early ancient Greek philosophers did not make a strict distinction between techne and episteme.They paid more attention to the practical aspects of technique.With the establishment of Plato’s theory of ideas and Aristotle’s theory of form and matter,the connotation of techne and the relationship between episteme(form)and techne become clearer.Later,under the joint influence of Christianity and pagan philosophy,the connotation of"techne"further contracted and completely served theological research in the Middle Ages.At the same time,artes liberales has become an important element in medieval and even later Western pedagogy.