贡布里希的图像语言论与前期维特根斯坦的语言图像论对观

Comparative Perspective on Early Wittgenstein and E.H.Gombrich on the relation between Language and Image

维特根斯坦在其《逻辑哲学论》中提出了一种语言的图像模型,而贡布里希在其艺术理论中有意建立一种图像的语言模型。二者所要处理的问题背后各有旨归,但共同触及了一个问题,即语言(图像)与实在(世界)之间的关系。二者都反对指物定义的观念,语言(图像)对世界的表现与描画不是一种“指称”,而是区分与分节;不是“定义”,而是在“使用”与“制造”中调试。进而,二者都反对自然主义图像的描摹,《逻辑哲学论》以“逻辑形式”为描画的前提,以图像是否符合实在为图像真假的判断标准;贡布里希则以“关系”为描画方式并以“等效性”为描画目标。他们的理论都造成了跨领域的影响,通过对同样都出自维也纳的哲学家与艺术史家的理论对观,可以看到20世纪的视觉艺术理论与语言哲学发展之间密不可分、互为成就的一面。

Wittgenstein proposes an image model of language in Tractatus LogicoPhilosophicus,while E.H.Gombrich’s theory of art intentionally builds an image model of language.Although with different purposes,both deal with the question of the relationship between language(images)and reality(the world).Both deal with the question of the relationship between language(images)and the real(the world).Both oppose the concept of the definition of referring to things.The expression and description of the world by language(image)is not a kind of"reference",but a distinction and subsection;Not"define",but debug in"use"and"make".Furthermore,both oppose the description of naturalistic images.Early Wittgenstein taking"logical form"as the premise of representing and picturing and whether the image is true or false as the criterion for judging its truth,while Gombrich takes"relationship"as the mode of picture and"equivalence"as the goal.Their theories have caused cross-domain influence.Through the theoretical comparison of philosophers and art historians who are also from Vienna,we can see that the development of visual art theory and philosophy of language in the 20th century is inseparable and mutually successful.