基于ABC-X模型视角下放疗科护士职业倦怠现状及相关因素调查

Investigation on job burnout and related factors of nurses in radiotherapy department based on perspective of ABC-X model

目的调查基于ABC-X模型视角下广西壮族自治区放疗科护士职业倦怠现况,找出相关因素并分析其关联性。方法2019年7月—2020年3月,采用便利抽样法,基于ABC-X模型采用一般情况调查表、职业倦怠量表、社会支持量表、压力知觉量表和心理弹性量表对广西壮族自治区5家医院的187名放疗科护士进行职业倦怠调查,并对数据进行分析。结果调查的187名放疗科护士职业倦怠阳性率为84.49%。职业倦怠量表平均总得分为(38.34±8.24)分,情感耗竭维度得分为(18.13±3.33)分,去人格化维度得分为(8.53±2.60)分,个人成就感维度得分为(11.09±2.02)分;社会支持量表得分为(67.45±10.34)分,心理弹性量表得分为(27.65±6.41)分,压力知觉量表得分为(17.59±4.02)分。年龄、夜班次数、职业暴露、纠纷事件、同事关系、婚姻满意度、社会支持、心理弹性均与放疗科护士职业倦怠有相关性(均P<0.05)。结论广西壮族自治区放疗科护士发生职业倦怠现象较为普遍,医院管理者应制定有效的工作规程,依法保障护士的合法权益;护士应增强自身的心理弹性,以消除工作产生中的心理压力;同时社会需要营造良好舆论环境,提高护士职业的社会认可度。

Objective To investigate the status of job burnout of nurses in the department of radiotherapy from the perspective of ABC-X model,identify relevant factors and analyze their correlation.Methods From July 2019 to March 2020,using the convenience sampling method,based on the ABC-X model,187 nurses in the department of radiotherapy from five hospitals in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were investigated with the general situation questionnaire,job burnout scale,social support scale,perceived stress scale and resilience scale,and the data were analyzed.Results The positive rate of job burnout was84.49%in 187 nurses in radiotherapy department.The average total score of job burnout scale was(38.34±8.24)points,the score of emotional exhaustion dimension was(18.13±3.33)points,the score of depersonalization dimension was(8.53±2.60)points,and the score of personal accomplishment dimension was(11.09±2.02)points.The score of social support scale was(67.45±10.34)points,the score of resilience scale was(27.65±6.41)points,and the score of perceived stress scale was(17.59±4.02)points.Age,number of night shifts,occupational exposure,dispute events,colleague relationship,marital satisfaction,social support,and resilience were all correlated with job burnout of nurses in radiotherapy department(all P<0.05).Conclusion The phenomenon of job burnout among nurses in radiotherapy department is common,hospital administrators should formulate effective working procedures to protect the legitimate rights and interests of nurses according to law,nurses should enhance their resilience to eliminate psychological stress at work,at the same time,it is necessary to create a good public opinion environment and improve the social recognition of nurses’occupation.