汉川市不同人群H7N9禽流感知信行现况调查

Investigation on knowledge,attitude and practice of H7N9 avian influenza among different populations in Hanchuan City

目的调查汉川市不同人群对H7N9禽类流行性感冒(禽流感)疾病的知信行现状,为开展禽流感预防提供依据。方法2019年6—8月,采用分层随机抽样的方法,选取汉川市农贸市场工作人员、医务人员、某校初中学生、1个城市街道和1个乡镇街道社区居民为调查对象,对居民H7N9禽流感的认知、行为和态度(24个条目)进行调查分析。结果共发放问卷408份,回收有效问卷401份。在H7N9禽流感相关知识知晓情况中,医务人员的正确率最高,为58.75%,农村居民最低,仅为27.45%,87.03%的人群能够正确回答“接触禽类是否需要采取防护措施”,而仅8.48%的人群可以正确回答“禽流感的多发季节”;在不同人群对待H7N9禽流感的态度情况中,初中学生的正确率最高,为57.10%,农村居民最低,仅为46.78%,67.33%的人群认同“您觉得禽流感可怕吗”,而仅28.18%的人群认同“您认为自己可能得禽流感吗”;在H7N9禽流感预防行为情况中,初中学生的正确率最高,为73.63%,农贸市场工作人员最低,仅为54.00%,96.51%的人群认为接触禽类或禽类制品后应该洗手,仅有35.91%的人群接种过流行性感冒(流感)疫苗;在不同人群的H7N9禽流感防治知识获取途径中,医务人员各渠道获取信息途径比例最高,为59.25%,农贸市场工作人员最低,为26.50%,电视(69.33%)和网络(63.84%)在各人群的获取渠道中占比最高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论农贸市场工作人员和农村居民H7N9禽流感相关健康知识认知不足,存在一定的感染和传染风险。针对不同人群开展最有利的预防措施,有助于提升防治效率。

Objective To investigate the status quo of knowledge,attitude and practice of avian influenza A(H7N9)among different populations in Hanchuan City,provide a basis for the prevention of avian influenza.Methods From June to August 2019,the stratified random sampling method was used to select the farmers’market staff,medical staff,students in a junior high school,and the residents in a urban street and a rural street in Hanchuan City as the survey subjects.The knowledge,attitude and practice of H7N9 avian influenza(24 items)among residents were investigated and analyzed.Results A total of 408 questionnaires were distributed and 401 valid questionnaires were recovered.For the knowledge about H7N9 avian influenza,the medical staff had the highest accuracy rate(58.75%),while the accuracy rate in rural residents was the lowest(27.45%).87.03%of the residents correctly answered"Whether contact with poultry needs protective measures",while only 8.48%of the residents correctly answered"H7N9epidemic season".For the attitude of H7N9 avian influenza among different populations,the junior high school students had the highest accuracy rate(57.10%),while the accuracy rate in rural residents was the lowest(46.78%).67.33%of the residents agreed with"Do you think H7N9 is terrible",while only 28.18%of the residents agreed with"Do you think you might suffering from H7N9".For the preventive behavior of H7N9 avian influenza,the junior high school students had the highest accuracy rate(73.63%),while the accuracy rate in farmers’market staff was the lowest(54.00%).96.51%of the residents thought that they need to wash hands after contact with poultry or poultry products,while only 35.91%of the residents have been vaccinated against influenza.Among the ways of different populations to obtain knowledge about H7N9 prevention,medical staff have the highest rate of obtaining information from various ways(59.25%),while the rate in farmers’market staff was the lowest(26.50%).TV(69.33%)and internet(63.84%)accounted for the highest proportion in the ways of different populations to obtain knowledge,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Conclusions Farmers’market staff and rural residents have insufficient awareness of H7N9 avian influenza related health knowledge,and there are a certain risk of infection.Carrying out the most beneficial preventive measures for different populations can improve the efficiency of prevention and treatment.