基于结构方程模型的农村老年人自我养老能力影响因素路径分析

Path analysis on influencing factors of self-supporting ability in rural elderly people based on structural equation model

目的应用结构方程模型研究新疆农村老年人自我养老能力及影响因素,为构建新疆农村养老服务体系提供参考依据。方法2019年12月—2020年9月,采用个人信息调查表、自我养老能力量表、自尊量表及家庭功能量表对新疆乌鲁木齐县1652名农村老年人进行问卷调查,构建农村老年人自我养老能力影响因素的结构方程模型,使用SPSS 26.0和AMOS24.0软件进行统计分析和结构方程路径分析模型的构建、拟合和评价。结果新疆农村老年人自我养老能力得分为(175.69±25.09)分;单因素分析结果显示,不同年龄、文化程度、婚姻、子女个数、子女关爱程度、退休前职业、经济来源、月收入、自理能力和健康状况的农村老人自我养老能力得分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。相关分析结果显示,自我养老能力与自尊及家庭功能均呈正相关(r=0.889、0.774,均P<0.01)。结构方程模型拟合较好,自理能力、自尊、健康状况、子女关爱、年龄、经济来源、家庭功能、退休前职业、婚姻、月收入和文化程度对农村老年人的自我养老能力均有显著影响(β=0.525、0.357、0.288、0.285、-0.255、0.165、0.139、0.134、0.134、0.133、0.126,均P<0.01)。结论新疆农村老年人的自我养老能力受多种因素影响,其中自理能力、自尊水平、健康状况、子女关爱和年龄是农村老年人自我养老能力的重要影响因素。

Objective To study the self-supporting ability and influencing factors in the rural elderly people of Xinjiang by the structural equation model,provide a reference for the construction of the rural elderly service system in Xinjiang.Methods From December 2019 to September 2020,a questionnaire survey was conducted on 1652 rural elderly people in Urumqi County of Xinjiang by the personal information questionnaire,self-supporting ability scale,self-esteem scale,and family function scale.The structural equation model of the influencing factors of rural elderly self-supporting ability was constructed.SPSS 26.0 and AMOS24.0 were used to conduct the statistical analysis,and the construction,fitting and evaluation of structural equation path analysis model.Results The score of self-supporting ability of rural elderly in Xinjiang was(175.69±25.09)points.The results of single factor analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the score of self-supporting ability among rural elderly people with different age,education level,marital status,number of children,child care level,occupation before retirement,source of income,monthly income,self-care ability and health status(all P<0.05).The correlation analysis results showed that the selfsupporting ability was positively correlated with self-esteem and family function(r=0.889,0.774,both P<0.01).The structural equation model has a good fit.The self-care ability,self-esteem,health status,child care,age,economic source,family function,occupation before retirement,marital status,monthly income and education level had the significant impact on the self-supporting ability of rural elderly(β=0.525,0.357,0.288,0.285,-0.255,0.165,0.139,0.134,0.134,0.133,0.126,all P<0.01).Conclusion The self-supporting ability of rural elderly in Xinjiang is affected by a variety of factors,of which the self-care ability,self-esteem level,health status,child care and age are the important factor influencing the self-supporting ability of rural elderly people.