船海用蒸汽动力装置构形优化理论研究进展

Progress in theoretical study on constructal optimization of marine steam power plants

本文从船舶蒸汽动力装置和海洋热能转换装置两个方面介绍了船海用蒸汽动力装置构形优化理论研究进展.首先回顾了包括蒸发器、过热器、经济器、锅炉整体和冷凝器在内的船舶蒸汽动力装置主要换热部件模型和包括蒸发器、冷凝器、双压透平和整体系统在内的海洋热能转换装置主要换热和能量转换部件和系统模型,然后介绍了基于熵产生最小化理论、有限时间热力学理论、理论和构形理论等现代热学理论的两种装置主要部件的构形优化和海洋热能转换系统的构形热力学优化工作,重点比较了优化前后、不同优化目标和不同系统结构下优化结果的异同.最后,对构形热力学优化应用于一般动力系统能量传递和转换过程优化设计和节能降耗的理论研究做出了展望.

Theoretical research of the constructal optimization of marine steam power plants is introduced in this study from two aspects:ship steam power plants and ocean thermal energy conversion plants.First,reviews are conducted on the main heat exchange component models of ship steam power plants,including the evaporator,superheater,economizer,whole boiler and condenser,main heat exchange,and energy conversion components,and system models of ocean thermal energy conversion plants,including the evaporator,condenser,dual-pressure turbine,and whole system.Then,constructal optimization of the main components of the two power plants and constructal thermodynamic optimization of the ocean thermal energy conversion plant based on modern thermal theories such as entropy generation minimization theory,finite time thermodynamics theory,entransy theory,and constructal theory are introduced.The similarities and differences in the results obtained before and after optimization,as well as the different optimization objectives and system structures,are extensively compared.Finally,the application prospects of constructal thermodynamic optimization to the optimal designs of energy transfer and conversion processes are made considering theoretical research on reduced energy consumption of power plants.