SARS-CoV-2检测方法的研究进展

Research progress of SARS-CoV-2 detection method

从核酸检测、抗原检测和抗体检测3个方面综述新型冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARSCoV-2)检测方法的原理及优缺点,旨在为新型冠状病毒肺炎(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19)的临床诊断提供参考。逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)是检测SARS-CoV-2的金标准,但易受病毒变异,样品采集、保存、运输方式和核酸提取质量等多种因素影响。IgM和IgG等抗体检测可作为核酸检测的补充,用于快速和大规模的筛查。联合应用核酸检测和抗体检测可有效降低假阴性率和假阳性率。SARS-CoV-2检测方法各有优缺点,应根据检测目的、样本和资源选择适宜的方法。

This study reviews the basic principles,advantages,and disadvantages of different detection methods for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),from three aspects,including nucleic acid detection,antigen detection,and antibody detection,with aims to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19).The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)is the gold standard of SARS-CoV-2 detection but can be affected by virus mutation,sample collection,preservation,transportation,and nucleic acid extraction.The antibody detection,such as IgM and IgG tests,can supplement nucleic acid detection for rapid and large-scale screening.The combination of nucleic acid and antibody detection can effectively reduce the false-negative and false-positive rates.Different methods of SARS-CoV-2 detection have their advantages and disadvantages,and the appropriate method should be selected according to the detection purpose,sample types,and local resources.