水环境中微塑料的迁移及其与有机污染物的复合毒性效应研究进展

Migration of microplastics and their combined toxic effects with organic pollutants in water environment:A review

水环境中的微塑料(MPs)通过吸附和解吸与共存的有机污染物(OPs)相互作用,影响污染物的迁移转化、生物积累、毒性效应等环境行为.因此,MPs和OPs的生态效应需从它们之间的相互作用角度综合考虑.本文在查阅近几年相关文献的基础上,重点阐述了水环境中MPs的环境行为及其对OPs迁移转化的影响,讨论了MPs的生态风险及其与OPs的复合毒性效应的影响因素,并得出如下规律:MPs和OPs的特性,如MPs的表面极性和OPs的疏水性决定了MPs作为OPs载体的有效性;MPs的粒径、表面特性、表面生物膜等理化性质影响了水环境中OPs的迁移转化途径和复合物MPsOPs的毒性效应.本文以期为进一步评估MPs的环境行为和生态风险提供有益的参考,并为准确评估MPs及其相关OPs的环境风险提出了建议.

The environmental behaviors of organic pollutants(OPs)such as migration,transformation,bioaccumulation and toxic effects,are affected by microplastics(MPs),which interact with coexisting OPs through adsorption and desorption in water environment.Therefore,the ecological effects of MPs and OPs should be comprehensively considered from the perspective of their interaction.On the basis of consulting the relevant literatures in recent years,the ecological risk of MPs and the influencing factors of the combined toxic effects of MPs and OPs were discussed.And we obtain the following laws:The effectiveness of MPs as OPs’carrier was determined by the characteristics of MPs and OPs,such as the surface polarity of MPs and the hydrophobicity of OPs;the migration and transformation of OPs and the combined toxicity of MPs-OPs in water environment were affected by the physical and chemical properties of MPs,such as particle size,surface characteristics and surface biofilms.A useful reference for the further assessment of the environmental behavior and ecological risk of MPs was provided by this paper.And some suggestions were put forward for the accurate assessment of the environmental risk of MPs and its related OPs.