恩格斯晚年书信中的伟大斗争精神及现实启示

The Great Fighting Spirit and Realistic Enlightenment in Engels’ Letters in His Later Years

面对资本主义在19世纪末出现的垄断资本萌芽、资产阶级统治加强和民主化并行的新形势,恩格斯晚年通过书信告诫世界各国无产阶级政党要做好进行更加严峻和复杂斗争的准备,强调必须坚持马克思主义斗争精神,提出无产阶级政党和工人阶级在斗争中发挥主动和主体作用;同时,无产阶级运动要紧紧围绕消灭资本主义私有制和实现共产主义为目标,而不是图一时的成就去牺牲运动的未来;并要求各国无产阶级政党必须以精准的斗争认知对现实进行科学研判而不是照搬教条,也鼓励无产阶级要以顽强的斗争意志、坚定的斗争信心将斗争进行到底。恩格斯晚年书信中集中体现出来的“谁来斗争、开展什么样的斗争以及如何开展斗争”的逻辑捍卫了马克思主义的斗争原理,彰显了马克思主义的斗争精神,确立了马克思主义斗争原则在无产阶级政党中的指导地位,对于我们当前进行具有新的历史特点的伟大斗争具有重要的理论指导意义。

In the face of the emergence of monopolistic capitalism in the late 19 th century, the strengthening of bourgeois rule and new situation of democratization, Engels warned the proletarian political parties around the world to be prepared for more severe and complex struggles through letters in his later years, stressing that they must adhere to the fighting spirit of Marxism.It is suggested that the proletarian political party and the working class should play an active and dominant role in the struggle.At the same time, the proletarian movement should focus on the elimination of capitalist private ownership and the realization of communism, rather than sacrificing the future of the movement for the sake of temporary achievements.And he required the whole party must cognize accurately the realistic struggle and research scientifically rather than copy the dogma, also encouraged the proletariat to struggle with a strong will, firm confidence to struggle to the end.The struggle logic of “who will fight, what kind of struggle and how to fight” embodied in the letters of Engels in his later years defends the principle of Marxist struggle, demonstrates the spirit of Marxist struggle, and establishes the guiding position of Marxist struggle principle in the proletariat.It has important theoretical guiding significance for us to carry out the great struggle with new historical characteristics at present.