生态脆弱区乡村绿色发展路径探析

Exploration on path of rural green development in ecological vulnerable areas

受历史上农耕人口持续移入影响,北方生态脆弱区农牧系统冲突逐渐凸显,生态本底在滥垦、滥牧、滥采的“三滥”行为下被过度消耗,致使生态系统自我调适功能式微,农牧副业发展受阻,陷入环境保护与产业发展的双重困境。科尔沁地区借力政策扶持,挖掘地方资源,依靠精英引领,探索出一条“植树造林+舍饲养殖”的绿色发展之路,重建起大农业循环,实现了“林农牧”良性互促,从根本上缓解了农牧系统冲突。生态脆弱区乡村绿色发展的关键在于“强基固本”,即通过治理环境而强绿色发展之基,发展多样化生态产业而固绿色发展之本。此外,乡村绿色发展还要注重因地制宜、分类推进,从而使绿色发展路径更具包容性和持续性。

Affected by the continuous immigration of farming population in history,the conflict between farming and animal husbandry systems in the ecotone of the North has gradually become prominent.The ecological background has been excessively consumed under the“three indiscriminate”behaviors of indiscriminate reclamation,indiscriminate grazing and indiscriminate woodcutting.As a result,the self-adjustment function of ecosystem declines,the development of agriculture and animal husbandry sidelines is blocked,which falls into the double dilemma of environmental protection and industrial development.Taking advantage of the policy support,Horqin Region excavates local resources,relies on the guidance of elites,and explores a green development path of“afforestation+house feeding and breeding”.It has rebuilt the large agricultural cycle,realized the benign mutual promotion of“forest-agriculture-animal husbandry”,and fundamentally alleviated the conflict of agriculture and animal husbandry system.The key of rural green development in ecological vulnerable areas is to“strengthen the basis and consolidate the foundation”,which means to strengthen the basis of green development by governing the environment,and to consolidate the foundation of green development by developing diversified ecological industries.In addition,the rural green development should also pay attention to adapt to local conditions and promote by classification,so as to make the green development path more inclusive and sustainable.