伽利略协变和洛伦兹协变电磁场论趣谈

ON THE GALILEAN AND LORENTZ COVARIANT MAXWELL EQUATIONS

针对狭义相对论课程中的相对性原理和光速不变原理之间逻辑关系的争论,本文假设空间中存在以太,把麦克斯韦方程组写成了伽利略协变的形式。此时的光波波速变换满足伽利略速度变换,人可以和光同步运动。伽利略协变理论满足相对性原理而不满足光速不变原理。论文然后假设空间中充满均匀洛伦兹协变以太,把介质中的麦克斯韦方程组写成洛伦兹协变形式。重新定义的波相实现了洛伦兹速度变换。只要真空中的光速无限接近极限速度,实验无法排除这种协变介质理论。伽利略协变电磁理论和洛伦兹协变介质电磁理论之间不是一种简单的推广关系。

In order to figure out the logical relation between principle of relativity and universal speed of light in the vacuum in the teaching of the special relativity,we propose existence of ether and write the Maxwell equations into the Galilean covariant form.The transformation of the velocity of electro-magnatic wave is also shown.Then the Galilean covariant electro-magnetic fields theory satisfy the principle of relativity but violate principle of universal speed of light in the vacuum.After that,we propose the ether is Lorentz covariant and write the Maxwell equations in the medium into the Lorentz covariant form.Finally,we discussed the difference between the Galilean and Lorentz covariant form of Maxwell equations.