技术侦查概念的界定及辨析

The Definition and Clarificationof the Concept of Technical Investigation

当前我国关于技术侦查概念的界定莫衷一是,无论从学理角度还是法理角度都没能准确地揭示其内涵与外延。技术侦查是法律授权的侦查机关在侦查活动中,为打击和防控犯罪依法对特定对象秘密采用起主要作用的特定技术,直接、实时地获取犯罪信息、侦查线索,收集诉讼证据的特殊侦查措施。技术侦查具有秘密性,因而技术侦查属于秘密侦查;技术侦查又兼有技术性,因而技术侦查又不等同于秘密侦查,秘密侦查与技术侦查是种属关系。技术侦查不同于侦查技术,两者在属性类别、适用依据、适用主体、适用范围、适用条件、适用方式等方面有着本质区别。

The definition of technical investigation in China is inconsistent,and either the perspective of academic theories or the legal theories,fails to accurately reveal its connotation and extension.Technical investigation is a special investigative measure in which the investigative agency authorized by law in the investigation activities,in order to prevent crimes,covertly adopt specific technologies that play a major role in specific objects in accordance with the law,directly obtain criminal information,investigation clues,and collect litigation evidencein real time.Technical investigation is secretive,so technical investigation belongs to secretive investigation,and technical investigation is also technical.Therefore,technical investigation is not equivalent to secretive investigation.Secretive investigation and technical investigation are considered as the relation of category and predictability.Technical investigation is essentially different from investigation techniques in terms of attribute category,applicable basis,applicable subjects,scopes of application,applicable conditions and applicable methods.