职业本科和应用型本科发展:困境与出路

The Development of Vocational Undergraduates and Applied Undergraduates:Dilemmas and Ways Out

职业本科与应用型本科是否相同的争论由来已久,未有共识。从理想类型的视角看,两者都培养理论知识扎实、实践动手能力强、服务基层一线的高层次专门人才,因此可把两者视为同类。但由于教育管理体制、利益与观念、社会与文化等因素的影响,现实中宜将两者分类管理和发展。换言之,“理论上划归同类,实践上分而治之”是更务实的管理和发展方式。针对两类高校的发展困境,应用型本科要侧重从“知识型”办学转向“技术型”办学,职业本科则侧重从“技术型”办学转向“知识型”办学,并强化“技术”的综合性、系统性和先进性。

Whether vocational undergraduates and applied undergraduates are the same or different have been debated for a long time and there is no consensus.From the perspective of the ideal type,they both cultivate high-level professionals with solid theoretical knowledge,strong practical ability,and front-line service at the grassroots level,so that they can be regarded as the same kind.However,due to the influence of factors such as the education management system,interests and concepts,society and culture,it is appropriate to classify them into different types to manage and develop in reality.In view of the development dilemma of the two types of universities,applied undergraduates should focus on shifting from“knowledge-based”to“technical”schools,while vocational undergraduates should focus on shifting from“technical”to“knowledge-based”schools,and strengthen comprehensive,systematic and advanced“technology”.